Aspectos ergonômicos do levantamento manual de carga em mulheres: relação com equação de NIOSH
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Data
2014-01-13
Autores
Oliveira, Danielle Rodrigues de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente, as mulheres estão atuando em áreas dentro da indústria, antes ocupadas somente por homens. A equação de NIOSH, amplamente empregada por ergonomistas para estimar as cargas de manipulação com base nos dados estatísticos de trabalhadores, aplica-se a 95% dos homens e 75% das mulheres. O método de avaliação em manipulação de cargas, aplicado nas indústrias, ainda carece de sensibilidade e precisão, uma vez que o movimento humano é bastante complexo e apresenta diferenças individuais no comportamento motor. Este estudo propõe uma nova metodologia para avaliar a manipulação de cargas com base nos dados individuais de antropometria, postura adotada e capacidade máxima de levantamento de carga. A postura foi identificada pela cinemetria 3D,a capacidade de levantamento de carga foi registrada por meio de uma célula decarga, a atividade muscular nos músculos eretores da coluna, longuíssimos e multífidos, foi avaliada por meio da eletromiografia de superfície e as forças internas (força de compressão,força de cisalhamento e momento) no disco intervertebral L5/S1 foram estimadas com base no modelo biomecânico da coluna vertebral de Chaffin, objetivando comparar com os dados apresentados na equação de NIOSH. A amostra compunha-se de 12 participantes, do sexo feminino,idade 25,7 ± 4,3 anos, massa de 57,7 ± 7,0 kg, altura de 1,6 ± 0,1 m e IMC entre 18,5e 24,9.Os procedimentos de levantamento de cargasforam realizados com uma carga pré-determinada, de acordo com a NIOSH,na altura fixa do chão de 23 cm atéa adoção dapostura ereta, sem rotação do tronco e com cotovelos fletidos a 90o, sendo a frequência de levantamento relativamente baixa. Os testes estatísticos aplicados neste estudo foram: ANOVA one-way e Teste tpareado, sendo a significância estatística adotada de = 10% (p<0,10). Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que se deve...
Now a days, women are working in areas within the industry, previously occupied by men only. The NIOSH equation, widely used by ergonomists to estimate handling charges with base on the statistical data of employees, applies to 95 %ofmen and75 % of women.The evaluation method for handling of loads,applied in industries, still lacks sensitivity and precision, since human motion is complex and presents individual differences in motor behavior. This study proposesa new methodology to evaluate thehandling of loads with base on individual data of anthropometry, adopted posture and maximum capacity for lifting load. The posture was identified by 3D cinemetry, the capacity for lifting load was recordedby aload cell, the muscle activity in the spine erectormuscles, multifidusand extremely long, was evaluated by surface electromyography and the internal forces (compression force, shearforce and moment) in the intervertebral disc L5/S1 were estimated with base on Chaffin biomechanical model of thespine, in order to compare with the data presentedin the NIOSH equation.The sample consisted of 12 participants,female, age 25,7 ± 4,3 years, weight 57,7 ± 7,0 kg,height 1,6 ± 0,1 m and IMC between 18,5and 24,9. The procedures for lifting loads were performed with a predetermined load, according toNIOSH, the fixed heightof 23 cm from the floor to the adoption of theupright posture, without torso rotation and with elbow flexed 90 °, being the frequency of lifting relatively low.The statistical analyzes used in this study were ANOVA one way and Paired T Test, andthe statistical significance adopted for = 10 % (p < 0,10). The resultsof this study suggest that one shouldconsider the maximum capacity of individual lifting to establish the recommended load. With the index NIOSH (IN) proposed in this study, different the lift index (IL), it is possible to determine the individual ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Now a days, women are working in areas within the industry, previously occupied by men only. The NIOSH equation, widely used by ergonomists to estimate handling charges with base on the statistical data of employees, applies to 95 %ofmen and75 % of women.The evaluation method for handling of loads,applied in industries, still lacks sensitivity and precision, since human motion is complex and presents individual differences in motor behavior. This study proposesa new methodology to evaluate thehandling of loads with base on individual data of anthropometry, adopted posture and maximum capacity for lifting load. The posture was identified by 3D cinemetry, the capacity for lifting load was recordedby aload cell, the muscle activity in the spine erectormuscles, multifidusand extremely long, was evaluated by surface electromyography and the internal forces (compression force, shearforce and moment) in the intervertebral disc L5/S1 were estimated with base on Chaffin biomechanical model of thespine, in order to compare with the data presentedin the NIOSH equation.The sample consisted of 12 participants,female, age 25,7 ± 4,3 years, weight 57,7 ± 7,0 kg,height 1,6 ± 0,1 m and IMC between 18,5and 24,9. The procedures for lifting loads were performed with a predetermined load, according toNIOSH, the fixed heightof 23 cm from the floor to the adoption of theupright posture, without torso rotation and with elbow flexed 90 °, being the frequency of lifting relatively low.The statistical analyzes used in this study were ANOVA one way and Paired T Test, andthe statistical significance adopted for = 10 % (p < 0,10). The resultsof this study suggest that one shouldconsider the maximum capacity of individual lifting to establish the recommended load. With the index NIOSH (IN) proposed in this study, different the lift index (IL), it is possible to determine the individual ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ergonomia, Postura humana, Biomecânica, Levantamento de peso, Cargas - Manuseio, Human engineeringos
Como citar
OLIVEIRA, Danielle Rodrigues de. Aspectos ergonômicos do levantamento manual de carga em mulheres: relação com equação de NIOSH. 2014. 130 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2014.