Técnicas de criação em laboratório e dispersão do parasitóide de pupas Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: eulophidae) no campo
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Data
2012-12-10
Autores
Zaché, Bruno [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O potencial de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) como agente de controle biológico no Brasil é pouco conhecido e, por isso, esta pesquisa avaliou a viabilidade de pupas de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) como hospedeiro alternativo. Devido à sua facilidade de criação em dieta artificial esse inseto tem sido utilizado na criação massal de parasitoides em vários programas de controle biológico. Estudos sobre o comportamento dos parasitoides devem incluir a interferência direta do alimento sobre o parasitismo. Pupas de S. frugiperda, com 48 horas de idade, foram individualizadas em tubos de vidro e submetidas ao parasitismo em seis tratamentos com mel puro, mel a 10%, hemolinfa, hemolinfa + mel, água destilada e ausência de alimentação. Os parâmetros avaliados foram taxa de parasitismo, emergência, número de parasitoides emergidos, não emergidos, progênie total, duração do ciclo ovo-adulto e razão sexual. Quando alimentado, T. diatraeae teve suas taxas de parasitismo e emergência acima de 85%. O número de parasitoides emergidos e a progênie total aumentaram quando T. diatraeae foi alimentado com mel puro, com 264 parasitoides emergidos e progênie total de 267 parasitoides. A alimentação teve grande influência na longevidade de T diatraeae. Nos tratamentos onde foram oferecidos alimentos açucarados a longevidade foi acima de 18 dias . Porém, no tratamento onde não foi oferecido alimento a longevidade média foi de quatro dias, e no tratamento com oferecimento de água destilada aos parasitoides a longevidade foi de apenas 2,9 dias. O mel mostrou ser o alimento mais adequado, por propiciar altos níveis de parasitismo, emergência, progênie total e longevidade, sendo de fácil aquisição, pouco dispendioso e interfere positivamente na biologia destes insetos.
The potential of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian&Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as a biological control agent in Brazil is little known; thus, this research evaluated the viability of pupae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as an alternative host since its ease of production on an artificial diet has led to its use in mass cultivation of parasitoids in several biological control programs. Studies on parasitoid behavior must include the direct interference of diet in parasitism. Pupae of S. frugiperda, at 48 hours of age, were individualized in glass tubes and submitted to parasitism in six treatments: pure honey, 10% honey, hemolymph, hemolymph + honey, distilled water and absence of food. The parameters evaluated were parasitism rate, emergence, numbers of emerged and non-emerged parasitoids, total progeny, egg-adult cycle duration and sex ratio. When fed, T. diatraeae showed parasitism and emergence rates above 85%. The numbers of emerged parasitoids and total progeny increased when T. diatraeae were fed pure honey, with 264 emerged parasitoids and total progeny of 267 parasitoids. The diet exerted great influence on T diatraeae longevity. In treatments where they were offered sweetened diets, longevity exceeded 18 days. However, in the treatment where food was not offered, the mean longevity was four days, while the distilled water treatment produced parasitoid longevity of only 2.9 days. Honey was demonstrated the most suitable food, by providing high levels of parasitism, emergence, total progeny and longevity, and is easily acquired, inexpensive and interferes positively in the biology of these insects
The potential of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian&Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as a biological control agent in Brazil is little known; thus, this research evaluated the viability of pupae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as an alternative host since its ease of production on an artificial diet has led to its use in mass cultivation of parasitoids in several biological control programs. Studies on parasitoid behavior must include the direct interference of diet in parasitism. Pupae of S. frugiperda, at 48 hours of age, were individualized in glass tubes and submitted to parasitism in six treatments: pure honey, 10% honey, hemolymph, hemolymph + honey, distilled water and absence of food. The parameters evaluated were parasitism rate, emergence, numbers of emerged and non-emerged parasitoids, total progeny, egg-adult cycle duration and sex ratio. When fed, T. diatraeae showed parasitism and emergence rates above 85%. The numbers of emerged parasitoids and total progeny increased when T. diatraeae were fed pure honey, with 264 emerged parasitoids and total progeny of 267 parasitoids. The diet exerted great influence on T diatraeae longevity. In treatments where they were offered sweetened diets, longevity exceeded 18 days. However, in the treatment where food was not offered, the mean longevity was four days, while the distilled water treatment produced parasitoid longevity of only 2.9 days. Honey was demonstrated the most suitable food, by providing high levels of parasitism, emergence, total progeny and longevity, and is easily acquired, inexpensive and interferes positively in the biology of these insects
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Inseto parasito - Comportamento, Parasitóides, Pragas - Controle biologico, Hymenoptera
Como citar
ZACHÉ, Bruno. Técnicas de criação em laboratório e dispersão do parasitóide de pupas Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: eulophidae) no campo. 2012. ix , 112 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2012.