Efeito do lodo de esgoto sobre a atividade microbiana e fitopatógenos habitantes do solo
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Data
2001-12
Autores
Santos, Idalmir dos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos lodos de esgotos (LE) produzidos nas Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETEs) de Franca (F) e de Barueri (B), SP, sobre fitopatógenos habitantes do solo. In vitro, o LE nas doses de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% foi testado, na forma esterilizada ou não, contra Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii e Pythium aphanidermatum. O LE esterilizado inibiu o crescimento micelial dos fungos entre 35% e 100%, com exceção de F. oxysporum. Para o lodo não esterilizado o resultado foi inverso, sendo que apenas F. oxysporum foi inibido. Em casa de vegetação foi avaliado o efeito do LE sobre o tombamento causado por P. aphanidermatum em pepino. Para tanto, o LE foi misturado ao solo nas concentrações de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50%, com e sem a adição de 5g de fertilizante (4-14-8) por litro. Os substratos foram infestados com 10g L-1 de inóculo de Pythium, sete dias antes da semeadura do pepino. Dois testes foram realizados, sendo o mesmo substrato cultivado por duas e três vezes, respectivamente. Os resultados do segundo cultivo, do primeiro teste e do terceiro cultivo do segundo, indicaram o bom desempenho do LE no controle do tombamento pós-emergência. Também em casa de vegetação, o LE misturado ao solo nas concentrações de 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10 e 12,5 % e infestado com 10g L-1 de inóculo de S. rolfsii controlou o tombamento em três cultivos sucessivos de feijão. Em casa de vegetação foi determinada a sobrevivência de escleródios de S. rolfsii, incorporados aos solos coletados em um experimento de campo, com os seguintes tratamentos: adubação mineral recomendada para a cultura do milho e LE originários das ETEs de Franca e Barueri, SP, nas concentrações de 0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 vezes a dose de nitrogênio recomendada para a cultura. O solo de... .
This work was aimed at evaluating the effect of sewage sludge (SS) produced at Sewage Treatment Stations (STS) in Franca (F) and Barueri (B), in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, on soil-borne plant pathogens. The SS was tested in vitro at the rates of 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; and, 25%, either in the sterilized form or not, against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium aphanidermatum. The sterilized SS inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungi between 35% and 100%, except for F. oxysporum. For non-sterilized sludge the result was inverted, with F. oxysporum alone being inhibited. The effect of LE on damping-off caused by P. aphanidermatum in cucumbers was evaluated in a greenhouse. For this purpose, the SS was mixed to the soil at concentrations of 0; 10; 20; 30; 40; and, 50%, with and without the addition of 5g fertilizer (4-14-8) per liter. The substrates were infested with 10g L-1 Pythium inoculum, seven days before cucumber seeding. Two tests were carried out, with the same substrate being cultivated twice and three times, respectively. Results obtained in the second cropping period on the first test, and in the third cropping period on the second, indicated a good performance of the SS in controlling post-emergence damping-off. Also, in the greenhouse, the SS mixed to the soil at concentrations of 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10; and, 12,5 %, infested with 10g L-1 of a S. rolfsii inoculum controlled damping-off on three successive bean crops. Survival of S. rolfsii sclerotia incorporated to soils collected from a field experiment was determined in the greenhouse, with the following treatments: mineral fertilization recommended for corn and SS derived from the Franca and Barueri, SP STS, at concentrations of 0; 1; 2; 4; and, 8-fold the nitrogen rate recommended for the crop. The soil from each plot was distributed among... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
This work was aimed at evaluating the effect of sewage sludge (SS) produced at Sewage Treatment Stations (STS) in Franca (F) and Barueri (B), in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, on soil-borne plant pathogens. The SS was tested in vitro at the rates of 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; and, 25%, either in the sterilized form or not, against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium aphanidermatum. The sterilized SS inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungi between 35% and 100%, except for F. oxysporum. For non-sterilized sludge the result was inverted, with F. oxysporum alone being inhibited. The effect of LE on damping-off caused by P. aphanidermatum in cucumbers was evaluated in a greenhouse. For this purpose, the SS was mixed to the soil at concentrations of 0; 10; 20; 30; 40; and, 50%, with and without the addition of 5g fertilizer (4-14-8) per liter. The substrates were infested with 10g L-1 Pythium inoculum, seven days before cucumber seeding. Two tests were carried out, with the same substrate being cultivated twice and three times, respectively. Results obtained in the second cropping period on the first test, and in the third cropping period on the second, indicated a good performance of the SS in controlling post-emergence damping-off. Also, in the greenhouse, the SS mixed to the soil at concentrations of 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10; and, 12,5 %, infested with 10g L-1 of a S. rolfsii inoculum controlled damping-off on three successive bean crops. Survival of S. rolfsii sclerotia incorporated to soils collected from a field experiment was determined in the greenhouse, with the following treatments: mineral fertilization recommended for corn and SS derived from the Franca and Barueri, SP STS, at concentrations of 0; 1; 2; 4; and, 8-fold the nitrogen rate recommended for the crop. The soil from each plot was distributed among... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aguas residuais, Lodo, Fungos do solo - Controle
Como citar
SANTOS, Idalmir dos. Efeito do lodo de esgoto sobre a atividade microbiana e fitopatógenos habitantes do solo. 2001. vii, 82 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2001.