As teorias do jogo infantil de Vygotsky e Winnicott: uma análise intersubjetiva
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2013-09-23
Autores
Alves, Alvaro Marcel Palomo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O jogo se configura numa das mais antigas atividades humanas. Repleto de significados foi incorporado na linguagem, na arte, na religião e na cultura em geral. Seus estudiosos se estendem pela Filosofia (WITTGEINSTEIN, 1958; HUIZINGA, 1991; SCHILLER, 1995), História (ARIÈS, 1978; CAILLOIS, 1958), Teoria da Comunicação (POSTMAN, 1994), Antropologia (GEERTZ, 1989; MALINOWSKI, 1978) e inevitavelmente pela Educação e Psicologia. Embora nos reportemos com freqüência as demais ciências, nosso trabalho se insere numa tradição psicológica. Buscamos nas teorias do psicólogo russo Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) e do psicanalista inglês Donald Winnicott (1896-1971) uma alternativa para a compreensão do jogo infantil e seu significado na produção da subjetividade. Partimos da apresentação dos autores e suas respectivas biografias intelectuais, detalhando suas concepções de indivíduo, sujeito e meio (social, ambiental e cultural), para em seguida explorarmos conceitualmente zonas de sentido entre suas teorias. Na direção metodológica encaminhamos a discussão a partir da Epistemologia Qualitativa desenvolvida por Gonzalez Rey, criando zonas de sentido entre as concepções de ambiente e jogo infantil. Diante da morte precoce de Vygotsky e a consequente interrupção das suas pesquisas sobre o jogo, buscamos nas teorias dos seus alunos e colaboradores - principalmente Leontiev e Elkonin - os princípios ontogenéticos do jogo infantil complementares à explanação vigotskiana. Defendemos que uma teoria do jogo infantil deve buscar origens nas relações sociais mais primitivas do indivíduo, bem como no uso mais precoce que este faz dos objetos. Tais relações foram amplamente detalhadas por Winnicott na sua teoria dos fenômenos e objetos transicionais e acreditamos que podem ser relevantes para a compreensão do jogo protagonizado, tal qual desenvolvido por Elkonin e Vygotsky
The game is set in one of the oldest human activities. It was full of meanings embedded in language, art, religion, and culture in general. His scholars extend the Philosophy (WITTGEINSTEIN, 1958; HUIZINGA, 1991; SCHILLER, 1995), History (ARIÈS, 1978; CAILLOIS, 1958), Communication Theory (POSTMAN, 1994), Antropology (GEERTZ, 1989; MALINOWSKI, 1978) and inevitably for Education and Psychology. Although we refer frequently to other sciences, our work is part of a psychological tradition. We seek theories of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) and the English psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott (1896-1971) an alternative to the understanding of children's play and its significance in the production of subjectivity. We start from the presentation of the authors and their intellectual biographies, detailing their conceptions of individual, subject and the environment (social, environmental and cultural), then to conceptually explore areas of meaning between their theories. Following toward a methodological discussion, we discuss the Qualitative Epistemology developed by Gonzalez-Rey, creating zones of meaning between the concepts of environment and children's game. Given the early death of Vygotsky and the consequent disruption of their research into the game, we turn to the theories of his students and collaborators - mostly Leontiev and Elkonin – with the principles ontogenetic children's game, a complementary explanation to Vygotsky’s theory. We argue that a theory of children's play should seek origins in more primitive social relations of the individual as well as the earlier use of objects that he makes. Such relationships have been widely detailed by Winnicott in his theory of phenomena and transitional objects, and we believe may be relevant to understanding the game played in children, as it was developed by Eldkonin and Vygotsky
The game is set in one of the oldest human activities. It was full of meanings embedded in language, art, religion, and culture in general. His scholars extend the Philosophy (WITTGEINSTEIN, 1958; HUIZINGA, 1991; SCHILLER, 1995), History (ARIÈS, 1978; CAILLOIS, 1958), Communication Theory (POSTMAN, 1994), Antropology (GEERTZ, 1989; MALINOWSKI, 1978) and inevitably for Education and Psychology. Although we refer frequently to other sciences, our work is part of a psychological tradition. We seek theories of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) and the English psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott (1896-1971) an alternative to the understanding of children's play and its significance in the production of subjectivity. We start from the presentation of the authors and their intellectual biographies, detailing their conceptions of individual, subject and the environment (social, environmental and cultural), then to conceptually explore areas of meaning between their theories. Following toward a methodological discussion, we discuss the Qualitative Epistemology developed by Gonzalez-Rey, creating zones of meaning between the concepts of environment and children's game. Given the early death of Vygotsky and the consequent disruption of their research into the game, we turn to the theories of his students and collaborators - mostly Leontiev and Elkonin – with the principles ontogenetic children's game, a complementary explanation to Vygotsky’s theory. We argue that a theory of children's play should seek origins in more primitive social relations of the individual as well as the earlier use of objects that he makes. Such relationships have been widely detailed by Winnicott in his theory of phenomena and transitional objects, and we believe may be relevant to understanding the game played in children, as it was developed by Eldkonin and Vygotsky
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vygotskii, L. S Lev Semenovich 1896-1934, Winnicott, D. W Donald Woods 1896-1971, Jogos (Psicologia), Subjetividade, Role playing
Como citar
ALVES, Alvaro Marcel Palomo. As teorias do jogo infantil de Vygotsky e Winnicott: uma análise intersubjetiva. 2013. 166 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, 2013.