Substâncias húmicas: interações com nutrientes e contaminantes
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Data
2010-06-24
Autores
Botero, Wander Gustavo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar as interações entre as substâncias húmicas, nutrientes e contaminantes, com a análise sobre os efeitos da extração nesse processo. Na primeira parte do trabalho foi otimizado o procedimento para extração em fluxo contínuo de substâncias húmicas de turfas, em diferentes extratores (NaOH, Na4P2O7 e KOH) nas concentrações 0,1 mol L-1 e 0,5 mol L-1. A montagem de uma planta piloto de extração em fluxo para fins comerciais. Após a extração em fluxo e purificação, verificou-se a influência do extrator nas características de complexação das substâncias húmicas por macro e micronutrientes. Os resultados desta etapa mostraram que o processo de extração em fluxo é eficiente, diminuindo o tempo na etapa de extração das substâncias húmicas. A planta piloto se mostrou eficiente para extração de substâncias húmicas em fluxo e os resultados da capacidade complexante mostraram que independentemente do extrator, as substâncias húmicas extraídas apresentaram maior afinidade por Ca e Mg, macronutrientes essenciais, e que uma maior complexação é favorecida quando se utiliza pirofosfato de sódio como extrator. Na segunda parte foi determinada a capacidade complexante das substâncias húmicas por micro e macronutrientes, e avaliou-se a competição dos sítios de complexação das substâncias húmicas pelos metais potencialmente tóxicos (alumínio e chumbo) nos solos e micro e macronutrientes. As substâncias húmicas apresentaram forte afinidade para Pb (II) e Al (III), formando complexos estáveis, liberando os nutrientes complexados. Embora as substâncias húmicas sejam utilizadas comercialmente como fertilizantes orgânicos, estudos sobre métodos de enriquecimento das SH, destinadas a evitar prejuízos, são altamente desejáveis dentro da perspectiva ambiental e econômica. Na terceira e ultima etapa do trabalho...
This work was aimed at studying the interactions between humic substances (HS), nutrients and contaminants, including by examining the effects of this extraction process. In the first part of the procedure was optimized for extraction in continuous flow of peat humic substances, using different extractants (NaOH, KOH and Na4P2O7) at concentrations of 0.1 mol L-1 and 0.5 mol L-1 and an assembly plant pilot extraction flow for commercial purposes. After extraction and purification in flow, there was the influence of extractant complexation characteristics of humic substances by macro-and micronutrients. The results of this phase showed that the extraction process flow is efficient, reducing the time step in the extraction of humic substances. The pilot plant was efficient for extraction of humic substances in flux and the results showed that the complexing capacity independent of the extractant used, the extracted HS have a high affinity for calcium and magnesium, essential nutrients, and that further complexation is favored when using sodium pyrophosphate as extractor. In the second part was determined by complexing ability of humic substances by micro and macronutrients, and evaluated the competition of binding sites of humic substances by potentially toxic metals (aluminum and lead) present in soils and micro and macronutrients. The humic substances have a strong affinity for Pb (II) and Al (III), forming stable complexes, releasing nutrients complexed. Although humic substances are used commercially as organic fertilizers, studies of methods for enrichment of SH, to prevent damage, are highly desirable from the perspective of environmental and economic. In the third and final stage of this work, it is studied interactions between humic substances (AHS), tropical river, and two endocrine disrupters (ED), using the system of tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane equipped with a pulp... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This work was aimed at studying the interactions between humic substances (HS), nutrients and contaminants, including by examining the effects of this extraction process. In the first part of the procedure was optimized for extraction in continuous flow of peat humic substances, using different extractants (NaOH, KOH and Na4P2O7) at concentrations of 0.1 mol L-1 and 0.5 mol L-1 and an assembly plant pilot extraction flow for commercial purposes. After extraction and purification in flow, there was the influence of extractant complexation characteristics of humic substances by macro-and micronutrients. The results of this phase showed that the extraction process flow is efficient, reducing the time step in the extraction of humic substances. The pilot plant was efficient for extraction of humic substances in flux and the results showed that the complexing capacity independent of the extractant used, the extracted HS have a high affinity for calcium and magnesium, essential nutrients, and that further complexation is favored when using sodium pyrophosphate as extractor. In the second part was determined by complexing ability of humic substances by micro and macronutrients, and evaluated the competition of binding sites of humic substances by potentially toxic metals (aluminum and lead) present in soils and micro and macronutrients. The humic substances have a strong affinity for Pb (II) and Al (III), forming stable complexes, releasing nutrients complexed. Although humic substances are used commercially as organic fertilizers, studies of methods for enrichment of SH, to prevent damage, are highly desirable from the perspective of environmental and economic. In the third and final stage of this work, it is studied interactions between humic substances (AHS), tropical river, and two endocrine disrupters (ED), using the system of tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane equipped with a pulp... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Química ambiental, Substâncias húmicas, Macronutrientes, Elementos traços na nutrição, Environmental chemistry
Como citar
BOTERO, Wander Gustavo. Substâncias húmicas: interações com nutrientes e contaminantes. 2010. 75 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2010.