Avaliação de métodos para tratamento de resíduos químicos originados em laboratórios biológicos
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Data
2006-04-19
Autores
Fonseca, Janaína Conrado Lyra da [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Substâncias perigosas são freqüentemente utilizadas em laboratórios de ensino e pesquisa das Universidades. Até pouco tempo não existia preocupação com o destino destas substâncias após o uso. Tinha-se a falsa idéia de que como a Universidade utiliza poucas quantidades, de diferentes produtos, seu efeito ao ambiente era irrelevante. Felizmente atualmente este cenário é outro e as Universidades estão implementando programas de gerenciamento e em alguns poucos casos, de tratamento de resíduos. Diferentemente de agentes biológicos, substâncias químicas não possuem um procedimento de degradação que seja eficaz às diferentes classes e é necessário o desenvolvimento de diferentes métodos para diferentes produtos. Este trabalho adaptou métodos degradativos apresentados na literatura à três substâncias, escolhidas por sua toxicidade e pelo volume gerado anualmente das mesmas: brometo de etídeo (BE), formaldeído e fenol. A degradação do BE foi monitorada por fluorescência e pela concentração de Carbono Orgânico Total (COT), como BE é mutagênico seu produto de degradação foi submetido ao teste de mutação gênica com Salmonella thiphimurium (teste de Ames) utilizando as linhagens TA97a, TA98 e TA100, para avaliar se havia perdido esta característica. Observou-se que embora todos os tratamentos apresentassem a mesma resposta quanto a fluorescência, o ensaio mutagênico mostrou que apenas dois procedimentos poderiam ser realmente empregados. Os demais resíduos (fenol e formaldeído) tiveram seus produtos de degradação avaliados por COT e segundo as premissas da legislação estadual para efluentes em ambos os casos os resíduos apresentaram uma boa redução da carga orgânica. A toxicidade dos produtos formados foi avaliada por testes ecotoxicológicos (Daphna magna) e como todo formaldeído e fenol foram oxidados essa propriedade foi efetivamente eliminada.
Hazardous substances often have been used in university teaching and researching laboratories as well. Few years ago there was not the concern about the destiny of these substances after their application. There was the wrong concept as the university use a few quantities of different kind of products, the behavior of these products in the environment were insignificant. Fortunately, nowadays the context has changed and the universities have established management programs of waste treatment. Distinctly of biological agents, chemicals substances do not have a model is better (or pattern) of destruction efficient to so many categories or types. So it is necessary the development of different methods for different products. This present work adjusted degradative methods presented on the literature for three different substances, chosen by their toxicity and quantity yearly storage: ethidium bromide (EB); formaldehyde and phenol. The degradation of EB was observed by fluorescence and by total carbon organic concentration, as BE is mutagenic, its degradation product was submitted to mutagenicity test with Salmonella thiphimurium (Ames test) using TA97a, TA98 and TA100, for evaluate original characteristics. The obtained data shown that although all of treatments presented the same answer for the fluorescence, the mutagenic assay has shown that just two methods could be efficiently used. The another products (phenol and formaldehyde) have had yours degradatives products evaluated by TOC according the supposition from the state legislation for wastewater, in both cases the results data shown reduction organic The toxicity of products in this case were evaluated by ecotoxicological tests (Daphnia magna), as all formaldehyde and phenol have been oxidized the toxicity was banished. Even tough the results obtained shown that methods are simple and could be applied for own creators in situ, just follow the methods shown in these work.
Hazardous substances often have been used in university teaching and researching laboratories as well. Few years ago there was not the concern about the destiny of these substances after their application. There was the wrong concept as the university use a few quantities of different kind of products, the behavior of these products in the environment were insignificant. Fortunately, nowadays the context has changed and the universities have established management programs of waste treatment. Distinctly of biological agents, chemicals substances do not have a model is better (or pattern) of destruction efficient to so many categories or types. So it is necessary the development of different methods for different products. This present work adjusted degradative methods presented on the literature for three different substances, chosen by their toxicity and quantity yearly storage: ethidium bromide (EB); formaldehyde and phenol. The degradation of EB was observed by fluorescence and by total carbon organic concentration, as BE is mutagenic, its degradation product was submitted to mutagenicity test with Salmonella thiphimurium (Ames test) using TA97a, TA98 and TA100, for evaluate original characteristics. The obtained data shown that although all of treatments presented the same answer for the fluorescence, the mutagenic assay has shown that just two methods could be efficiently used. The another products (phenol and formaldehyde) have had yours degradatives products evaluated by TOC according the supposition from the state legislation for wastewater, in both cases the results data shown reduction organic The toxicity of products in this case were evaluated by ecotoxicological tests (Daphnia magna), as all formaldehyde and phenol have been oxidized the toxicity was banished. Even tough the results obtained shown that methods are simple and could be applied for own creators in situ, just follow the methods shown in these work.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Degradação ambiental, Resíduos industriais - Tratamento, Substâncias perigosas - Análise, Quimica analitica, Resíduo de laboratório, Ethidium bromide, Laboratory waste
Como citar
FONSECA, Janaína Conrado Lyra da. Avaliação de métodos para tratamento de resíduos químicos originados em laboratórios biológicos. 2006. 136 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química., 2006.