Estudo químico e das atividades citotóxica, antioxidante e antifúngica de Prunus myrtifolia L. (Urban.) (ROSACEAE)
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Data
2005
Autores
Santos, Luciana de Ávila [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho descreve o estudo químico das folhas e galhos de Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban (Rosaceae), exemplar coletado na Fazenda Campininha em São Paulo, SP. A química do gênero Prunus é determinada pela ocorrência de glicosídeos cianogênicos , terpenóides, flavonóides e outras substâncias fenólicas. Os extratos obtidos a partir de folhas e galhos de P. myrtifolia foram fracionados através de técnicas cromatográficas diversas que forneceram 31 substâncias, sendo 3 consideradas inéditas. Suas estruturas foram determinadas através de dados espectrométricos (RMN, EM, UV, entre outros), bem como através da utilização de técnicas hifenadas tais como CLAE-UV e CLAE-EM. O fracionamento cromatográfico guiado por testes químicos demonstrou o potencial de atividade antioxidante de flavonóides e arilpropanóides isolados de folhas e galhos de P. myrtifolia. A mistura de esteróides estigmasterol e sitosterol apresentou atividade antifúngica moderada frente a fungos fitopatógenos do gênero Cladosporium enquanto que os glicosídeos cianogênicos prunasina e durrina, além do ácido prunasínico apresentaram atividade antifúngica contra Cândida krusei e C. Albicans. A atividade citotóxica para Sacharomyces cerevisea apresentada pelos extratos brutos não foi mais observada após os procedimentos de fracionamento cromatográfico. Entretanto, a mistura de triterpenos pentacíclicos triidroxilados obtida a partir do extrato etanólico de galhos, apresentou atividade antitumoral para células de câncer de cólon, de mama e do sistema nervoso central humano. Os resultados obtidos com esse estudo químico corroboram dados da literatura sobre Prunus e Rosaceae e poderão contribuir com estudos de quimiossistemática.
This work reports the results from chemical study of leaves and branches of Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban. (Rosaceae), collected at Fazenda Campininha, São Paulo. The chemistry of genus Prunus is determined by occurrence of cyanogenic glicosides, terpenoids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves and branches of Prunus myrtifolia were fractionated through chromatographic methods that led to the isolation of 28 compounds wich were previously descibed and 3 additional new compounds. Their structures were determined by spectrscopic data (NMR, MS, UV, etc), and also by the use of hyphenated technics (HPLC_UV and HPLC-MS). The fractionation guided by chemical and biological assays demonstrated the atioxidant activity of 6 flavonoids, arilpropanoid derivatives and other isolates from leaves and branches of P. myrtifolia. The mixture of steroids stigmasterol and sitosterol obtained showed moderate activity against phytopatogenic fungus of genus Cladosporium and the cyanogenic glycosides prunasin and dhurrin, and prunasinic acid showed antifungal activity against human Candida pathogens. The cytotoxic activity against Sacharomyces cereviseae presented for crude ethanol extracts were not observed anymore after the chromatograpic frationation procedures, although the trihydroxylated triterpenoids obtained from branches ethanol extract inhibited growth of colon, breast and CNS human cancer cells. Additionally, the results obtained with this work corroborate chemical data about genus Prunus and Rosaceae and therefore contribute with chemosystematic studies.
This work reports the results from chemical study of leaves and branches of Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban. (Rosaceae), collected at Fazenda Campininha, São Paulo. The chemistry of genus Prunus is determined by occurrence of cyanogenic glicosides, terpenoids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves and branches of Prunus myrtifolia were fractionated through chromatographic methods that led to the isolation of 28 compounds wich were previously descibed and 3 additional new compounds. Their structures were determined by spectrscopic data (NMR, MS, UV, etc), and also by the use of hyphenated technics (HPLC_UV and HPLC-MS). The fractionation guided by chemical and biological assays demonstrated the atioxidant activity of 6 flavonoids, arilpropanoid derivatives and other isolates from leaves and branches of P. myrtifolia. The mixture of steroids stigmasterol and sitosterol obtained showed moderate activity against phytopatogenic fungus of genus Cladosporium and the cyanogenic glycosides prunasin and dhurrin, and prunasinic acid showed antifungal activity against human Candida pathogens. The cytotoxic activity against Sacharomyces cereviseae presented for crude ethanol extracts were not observed anymore after the chromatograpic frationation procedures, although the trihydroxylated triterpenoids obtained from branches ethanol extract inhibited growth of colon, breast and CNS human cancer cells. Additionally, the results obtained with this work corroborate chemical data about genus Prunus and Rosaceae and therefore contribute with chemosystematic studies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rosaceae, Plantas medicinais - Estudo químico, Quimica organica, Prunus myrtifolia
Como citar
SANTOS, Luciana de Ávila. Estudo químico e das atividades citotóxica, antioxidante e antifúngica de Prunus myrtifolia L. (Urban.) (ROSACEAE). 2005. 295 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2005.