Plantas de cobertura e época de semeadura na produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de feijão em sistema de plantio direto
Data
2011-01-28
Autores
Souza, Lílian Christian Domingues de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Culturas de cobertura são utilizadas com a finalidade de manter palhada sobre o solo, com o intuito de melhorar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas dos solos cultivados e contribuindo para a sustentabilidade da produção de sementes. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a potencialidade das plantas de cobertura quanto à habilidade de produção de biomassa seca para uso em sistema de plantio direto e o retorno de nutrientes ao solo e avaliar as respostas das cultivares de feijão sob as palhadas de plantas de coberturas quanto à produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP- Campus de Ilha Solteira, situada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos dispostos em faixas em esquema fatorial 5x2x3, com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de plantas de cobertura (Mucuna-cinza, Feijão-de-porco, Crotalaria juncea, Milheto e uma área de Pousio), épocas de semeadura do feijão (primeiro ano em 22/04/08 e 12/05/08 e segundo ano 20/04/09 e 20/05/09) e cultivares de feijão (Pérola, IAC Tunã e Carioca Precoce). Foram avaliados: produção e teor de nutrientes da biomassa seca das plantas de cobertura; teor de nutrientes nas folhas de feijoeiro no florescimento; componentes de produção e produtividade de sementes; e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. De acordo com os resultados, pode se concluir que: as plantas de cobertura crotalária e milheto apresentaram maior quantidade de biomassa fresca nos dois anos de cultivo, sendo recomendadas para a região, onde essas coberturas apresentaram maior acúmulo de nutrientes nessas plantas.; a segunda época de semeadura do feijoeiro aumentou os teores nutricionais das cultivares de feijão, embora, os seus componentes produtivos, produtividade e qualidade...
Cover crops are used in order to keep straw on the ground, with the aim of improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of cultivated soils and improve the sustainability of seed yield. The study aimed to evaluate the potential cover crops for their ability to produce biomass for use in no tillage and returning nutrients to the soil and to evaluate the responses of common bean cultivars under the mulch plant on the roof yield and physiological seed quality. The work was conducted at the Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP- Campus de Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in bands in 5x2x3 factorial design with four replications. The treatments were grown on cover crops (Velvet bean gray, Jack bean, Suan hemp, Millet and an area of fallow), sowing dates (first year on 22/04/08 and 12/05/08 and 20/04 years and 20/05 seconds, 2009 and common bean cultivars (Pérola, IAC Tunã e Carioca Precoce) grown in two years. Were analyzed: production and nutrient common content of dry biomass of cover crops, nutrient content in bean leaves at flowering, yield components and seed yield, and physiological seeds quality. According to the results, it can be concluded that: the cover crops sunn hemp and millet had higher amount of fresh biomass in both years cropped, being recommended for the region and that such coverage had higher nutrient uptake in these plants., The second sowing dates of bean increased the nutritional content of bean cultivars, although their components production, yield and seed quality in some of the tests carried out showed a reduction in the second sowing date and that there are variations in productivity as a function of seed years of cultivation and sowing date, but the IAC Tuna was more stable in those variables
Cover crops are used in order to keep straw on the ground, with the aim of improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of cultivated soils and improve the sustainability of seed yield. The study aimed to evaluate the potential cover crops for their ability to produce biomass for use in no tillage and returning nutrients to the soil and to evaluate the responses of common bean cultivars under the mulch plant on the roof yield and physiological seed quality. The work was conducted at the Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP- Campus de Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in bands in 5x2x3 factorial design with four replications. The treatments were grown on cover crops (Velvet bean gray, Jack bean, Suan hemp, Millet and an area of fallow), sowing dates (first year on 22/04/08 and 12/05/08 and 20/04 years and 20/05 seconds, 2009 and common bean cultivars (Pérola, IAC Tunã e Carioca Precoce) grown in two years. Were analyzed: production and nutrient common content of dry biomass of cover crops, nutrient content in bean leaves at flowering, yield components and seed yield, and physiological seeds quality. According to the results, it can be concluded that: the cover crops sunn hemp and millet had higher amount of fresh biomass in both years cropped, being recommended for the region and that such coverage had higher nutrient uptake in these plants., The second sowing dates of bean increased the nutritional content of bean cultivars, although their components production, yield and seed quality in some of the tests carried out showed a reduction in the second sowing date and that there are variations in productivity as a function of seed years of cultivation and sowing date, but the IAC Tuna was more stable in those variables
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Feijão, Irrigação por aspersores, Germinação, Vigor, Cultivo de inverno, Phaseolus vulgaris L, Germination, Vigor, Sprinkler irrigation, Winter crop
Como citar
SOUZA, Lílian Christian Domingues de. Plantas de cobertura e época de semeadura na produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de feijão em sistema de plantio direto. 2011. 91 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2011.