Épocas de semeadura de cultivares de feijoeiro no período de inverno sob diferentes palhadas no cerrado: produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes
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Data
2009-01-27
Autores
Simidu, Helena Masumi [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A adoção do sistema plantio direto tem trazido muitos resultados sobre os benefícios às condições físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo, porém não se tem dados consistentes sobre a produção de sementes de feijão de alta qualidade fisiológica com o uso de uma determinada espécie de planta de cobertura que possa interferir em suas características e ao mesmo tempo manter a palhada em superfície do solo em condições de Cerrado. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a potencialidade das plantas de cobertura na formação de palhada e no retorno de nutrientes ao solo; as respostas das cultivares de feijão à diferentes épocas de semeadura, quanto a avaliação nutricional das plantas na época de florescimento, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP – Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, situada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados e os tratamentos foram dispostos em faixas em esquema fatorial 3x2x3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos em plantas de cobertura (milheto, sorgo e braquiária), épocas de semeadura (primeiro ano em 22/06/07 e 06/07/07 e segundo ano 22/04/08 e 12/05/08) e cultivares de feijão (Pérola, IAC Tunã e Carioca Precoce) cultivado em 2 anos. Foram avaliados: produção e teor de nutrientes de biomassa seca das culturas de cobertura; teor de nutrientes nas folhas de feijoeiro no florescimento; componentes de produção e produtividade de sementes; e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. De acordo com os resultados, pode se concluir que: a braquiária proporcionou menor produção de biomassa seca e acúmulo de nutrientes, porém, a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes do feijão não foram prejudicadas; a segunda época de semeadura aumentou o teor de nutrientes...
The adoption of no-tillage system has brought many results on the benefits the physical, chemical and biological weapons in the soil, but has not been very consistent data on the production of high seeds quality of beans with the use of a species of coverage plant that could interfere in its characteristics while keeping the stubble on the soil surface conditions in the Cerrado. So the objective was to evaluate the potential of millet plant, sorghum and straw brachiaria in training and in the return of nutrients to the soil, the responses of common of beans cultivars in the different sowing dates for nutritional assessment of the plants at the time of flowering, productivity and physiological seed quality. The study was conducted at the Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP – Câmpus of Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design was a randomized blocks and treatments were arranged in bands in a 3x2x3 factorial, with four replications. The treatments consisted of cover in plants (millet, sorghum and palisadegrass), sowing dates (first year on 22/06/07 and 06/07/07 and 22/04/08 year and 12/05/08) and cultivars of beans (Pérola, Tuna and Carioca Precoce) grown in 2 years. Evaluated were: production and nutrient content of biomass crops for coverage, analysis of bean leaves at flowering, seed yield and its components and physiological seeds quality. According to the results, it can be concluded that the lower production of palisadegrass provided biomass and accumulation of nutrients, however, the productivity and physiological quality of bean seeds were not affected, the second sowing date increased the nutrient content in plants, although for the productivity and physiological quality of bean seeds was reduced, the seed produced cultivar showed lower Pérola vigor under the millet straw.
The adoption of no-tillage system has brought many results on the benefits the physical, chemical and biological weapons in the soil, but has not been very consistent data on the production of high seeds quality of beans with the use of a species of coverage plant that could interfere in its characteristics while keeping the stubble on the soil surface conditions in the Cerrado. So the objective was to evaluate the potential of millet plant, sorghum and straw brachiaria in training and in the return of nutrients to the soil, the responses of common of beans cultivars in the different sowing dates for nutritional assessment of the plants at the time of flowering, productivity and physiological seed quality. The study was conducted at the Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP – Câmpus of Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design was a randomized blocks and treatments were arranged in bands in a 3x2x3 factorial, with four replications. The treatments consisted of cover in plants (millet, sorghum and palisadegrass), sowing dates (first year on 22/06/07 and 06/07/07 and 22/04/08 year and 12/05/08) and cultivars of beans (Pérola, Tuna and Carioca Precoce) grown in 2 years. Evaluated were: production and nutrient content of biomass crops for coverage, analysis of bean leaves at flowering, seed yield and its components and physiological seeds quality. According to the results, it can be concluded that the lower production of palisadegrass provided biomass and accumulation of nutrients, however, the productivity and physiological quality of bean seeds were not affected, the second sowing date increased the nutrient content in plants, although for the productivity and physiological quality of bean seeds was reduced, the seed produced cultivar showed lower Pérola vigor under the millet straw.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Feijão, Sorgo, Milheto, Germinação, Braquiária, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sorghum bicolor, Pennisetum glaucum, Brachiaria brizantha, Germination
Como citar
SIMIDU, Helena Masumi. Épocas de semeadura de cultivares de feijoeiro no período de inverno sob diferentes palhadas no cerrado: produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes. 2009. 101 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2009.