Recuperação de um subsolo de cerrado com cultivo de plantas nativa e introduzidas
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Data
2007-09-17
Autores
Kitamura, Aline Emy [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização incorreta dos solos vem causando alterações nos mesmos, tornando-os cada vez menos produtivos, aumentando assim as áreas com solos degradados. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estudar a recuperação de um Latossolo Vermelho degradado, por meio do uso de adubos verdes e lodo de esgoto, sendo cultivado com uma espécie arbórea nativa de cerrado. A pesquisa foi instalada em 2004, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa, Setor de Produção Animal, da Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira (Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP), situada no município de Selvíria, MS. O monitoramento das alterações do solo foi realizado nos anos de 2005, 2006 e 2007. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo também caracterizada uma área controle (solo com vegetação nativa de cerrado). Os tratamentos foram: testemunha - solo exposto (sem manejo); espécie arbórea Astronium fraxinifolium; Astronium fraxinifolium+Canavalia ensiformis; Astronium fraxinifolium+Raphanus sativus até 2005, depois substituído por Crotalaria juncea; e Astronium fraxinifolium+Brachiaria decumbens+lodo de esgoto (60 t ha-1 a base seca). Avaliaram-se no solo: macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados em água, cátions trocáveis, pH, acidez potencial (H+Al), soma de bases (SB), saturação por bases (V %), CTC e macrorganismos. Nos tratamento com adubos verdes, foi avaliada a massa seca e, para a espécie arbórea, a altura e diâmetro de caule. Na testemunha não foi aplicada nenhuma 8 écnica de recuperação do solo. O preparo inicial do solo foi realizado com subsolagem, gradagem leve e incorporação de 2 t ha-1 de calcário. Os tratamentos adotados estão recuperando as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo. O tratamento com Astronium fraxinifolium+Brachiaria...
The inadequate soil use causes changes which lead to lower productivity, thus increasing the areas with degraded soil. The present work had as objective to recovery a degraded soil, using green manure, sewage sludge and native tree specie. The investigation began in 2004 and was conducted in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The evaluations were done in the years of 2005, 2006 and 2007. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were: control (degraded soil without management); Astronium fraxinifolium; Astronium fraxinifolium + Canavalia ensiformis; Astronium fraxinifolium + Raphanus sativus after substituted by Crotalaria juncea; and Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge (60 t ha-1 on dry basis). A control area whit the original vegetation (savannah) was also used as control. The following soil properties were evaluated: macro porosity, micro porosity, total porosity, bulk density, exchangeable cations, pH, potential acidity, base saturation, CEC and macrofauna. For green manure the dry matter was evaluated. In tree species were evaluated: average and diameter of stem. In the control the technique of recovery of the soil was not applied. The initial preparation of the soil was carried out with sub soiling, leveling disk and incorporation of 2 t ha-1 of lime. The treatments are recovering the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge was the best treatment because of its similarity in macrofauna compared to the natural soil conditions. The macrofauna increased in the soil with time and this indicates the improvement in soil properties. The presence of grub and beetle was the best indicator of soil macrofauna recovery. The treatment Astronium 10 fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge is...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The inadequate soil use causes changes which lead to lower productivity, thus increasing the areas with degraded soil. The present work had as objective to recovery a degraded soil, using green manure, sewage sludge and native tree specie. The investigation began in 2004 and was conducted in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The evaluations were done in the years of 2005, 2006 and 2007. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were: control (degraded soil without management); Astronium fraxinifolium; Astronium fraxinifolium + Canavalia ensiformis; Astronium fraxinifolium + Raphanus sativus after substituted by Crotalaria juncea; and Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge (60 t ha-1 on dry basis). A control area whit the original vegetation (savannah) was also used as control. The following soil properties were evaluated: macro porosity, micro porosity, total porosity, bulk density, exchangeable cations, pH, potential acidity, base saturation, CEC and macrofauna. For green manure the dry matter was evaluated. In tree species were evaluated: average and diameter of stem. In the control the technique of recovery of the soil was not applied. The initial preparation of the soil was carried out with sub soiling, leveling disk and incorporation of 2 t ha-1 of lime. The treatments are recovering the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge was the best treatment because of its similarity in macrofauna compared to the natural soil conditions. The macrofauna increased in the soil with time and this indicates the improvement in soil properties. The presence of grub and beetle was the best indicator of soil macrofauna recovery. The treatment Astronium 10 fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge is...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Recuperação de terra, Lodo de esgoto, Plantas e solo, Físico-química do solo, Fauna do solo, Degraded soil, Bulk density, Soil porosity, Soil fertility, Soil macrofauna
Como citar
KITAMURA, Aline Emy. Recuperação de um subsolo de cerrado com cultivo de plantas nativa e introduzidas. 2007. 113 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2007.