Perspectivas da co-geração com resíduos sólidos municipais sob a ótica da gestão ambiental
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Data
2003
Autores
Holanda, Marcelo Rodrigues de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cogeração tem sido proposta em diferentes oportunidades para a solução de problemas de atendimento das necessidades energéticas de empresas (ou grupos de empresas em pólos industriais) a partir de combustíveis fósseis e biomassas vegetais, de forma preponderante. Há, contudo, uma forte demanda mundial para que sejam desenvolvidas novas alternativas de geração, bem como fontes energéticas, dentre as quais se destaca o lixo urbano, na medida em que esse colabora fortemente com a ocupação de áreas economicamente rentáveis, bem como com problemas de ordem social e ambiental quando não devidamente gerenciado. Esta Tese tem por objetivo analisar as perspectivas da geração combinada de eletricidade e vapor em pólos industriais a partir da destruição de resíduos sólidos municipais; para tanto, desenvolve-se uma avaliação das principais formas de deposição do lixo urbano, bem como da cogeração em termos dos sistemas empregados. Foi analisada a legislação ambiental de diversos países, com especial destaque para a política ambiental brasileira, de modo a que fossem observadas as diretrizes de emissões preconizadas em nível mundial e de forma comparativa. Neste item, concluiu-se pela adequada formulação apresentada pela legislação brasileira, que contempla os principais limites de qualidade do ar e de emissão em níveis compatíveis com os que vêm sendo praticados internacionalmente. De modo a subsidiar a modelagem apresentada no corpo da Tese, foi desenvolvido um levantamento acerca das características operacionais e de investimento das principais tecnologias de remoção de poluentes atmosféricos, bem como formas alternativas para “produção limpa” de energia. Para que pudesse ser desenvolvida uma formulação de base exergoeconômica e ambiental para o presente estudo, foi realizada uma revisão bibliografia acerca... .
working out problems concerning energetic needs of enterprises (or groups of enterprises in industrial stocks) preponderantly from fossil fuels and vegetable biomasses. There is, however, a strong world demand for new generating alternatives, as well as energetic sources, be developed: among them it can be pointed out urban waste, while it contributes strongly for the occupation of economically profitable areas and environmental and with not properly managed social problems. This Thesis aims to analyse the perspectives of electricity and steam combined generation industrial stocks from municipal solid waste destruction; therefore, an evaluation of the main forms of urban waste deposition, as well as the cogeneration in terms of the system used is developed. The environmental legislation for a number of countries, with special emphasis for the Brazilian environmental policy, was analysed , so that the emission guidances preconized at a world summit level and at a comparative level could be observed. In this item, the decision was made for the Brazilian legislation, that contemplates the principal air and emission quality limits at levels consistent with the ones worldwide used. In order to subsidize the modeling presented in this Thesis, a gathering of facts on the operational and investment characteristics of the chief technologies for removing atmospheric pollutants, as well as alternate forms for “clean production” of energy was developed. It was performed a bibliographic revision on the principal models used for the calculation of environmental costs, to allow the development of a formulation on environmental and exergoeconomic basis for the present study, as well as alternative models which, yet not showing environmental utilization, could, that way, be considered with small modifications. For the analysis of cogeneration with municipal solid... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
working out problems concerning energetic needs of enterprises (or groups of enterprises in industrial stocks) preponderantly from fossil fuels and vegetable biomasses. There is, however, a strong world demand for new generating alternatives, as well as energetic sources, be developed: among them it can be pointed out urban waste, while it contributes strongly for the occupation of economically profitable areas and environmental and with not properly managed social problems. This Thesis aims to analyse the perspectives of electricity and steam combined generation industrial stocks from municipal solid waste destruction; therefore, an evaluation of the main forms of urban waste deposition, as well as the cogeneration in terms of the system used is developed. The environmental legislation for a number of countries, with special emphasis for the Brazilian environmental policy, was analysed , so that the emission guidances preconized at a world summit level and at a comparative level could be observed. In this item, the decision was made for the Brazilian legislation, that contemplates the principal air and emission quality limits at levels consistent with the ones worldwide used. In order to subsidize the modeling presented in this Thesis, a gathering of facts on the operational and investment characteristics of the chief technologies for removing atmospheric pollutants, as well as alternate forms for “clean production” of energy was developed. It was performed a bibliographic revision on the principal models used for the calculation of environmental costs, to allow the development of a formulation on environmental and exergoeconomic basis for the present study, as well as alternative models which, yet not showing environmental utilization, could, that way, be considered with small modifications. For the analysis of cogeneration with municipal solid... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Energia eletrica e calor - Cogeração, Municipal solid wastes, Co-generation
Como citar
HOLANDA, Marcelo Rodrigues de. Perspectivas da co-geração com resíduos sólidos municipais sob a ótica da gestão ambiental. 2003. 232 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2003.