Analise exergoeconômica aplicada a microgeração em condomínios residenciais
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Data
2013-03-15
Autores
Del Carlo, Fabrício Ramos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A descentralização na geração de energia tem sido proposta em nível mundial para diferentes situações como forma de se alcançar maior confiabilidade de geração elétrica e melhores condições ambientais. Nesse sentido, em diversos países (o Brasil inclusive) tem sido proposta a utilização de sistemas de geração distribuída, com incentivo ao emprego de fontes renováveis de energia, sendo a microcogeração e a minigeração algumas das possibilidades tecnológicas disponíveis. Comprovar a elegibilidade econômica de uma alternativa de minigeração, utilizando métodos que permitam avaliar o custo exergoeconômico em busca de substituir tecnologias consagradas pela instalação de novas tecnologias, é objeto principal perseguido neste trabalho. A superestrutura de minicogeração analisada é composta de células-combustível e motores de combustão interna com fins de geração de energia para um condomínio multirresidencial. A Teoria do Custo Exergético (TCE) foi utilizada e avalia com precisão os custos exergoeconômicos que, aliados aos métodos financeiros orçamentários (taxa interna de retorno, valor presente líquido, tempo de retorno), permitem a demonstração da viabilidade econômica. Aliado a estes métodos, como complemento na tomada de decisão, há o estudo de otimização multitemporal, que permite a seleção de apenas um dos doze equipamentos propostos, além de indicar qual o melhor combustível a ser utilizado como fonte primária de energia. A modelagem da superestrutura demonstra também a possibilidade de comercialização dos produtos com a concessionária, permitindo tanto vender o excedente de produção quanto comprar energia elétrica em alguns momentos, respeitando as flutuações de consumo ao longo do dia e em sazonalidades distintas. É possível constatar que as células-combustível entregam...
Decentralization in power generation has been proposed worldwide for different situations as a way to achieve greater reliability of electricity generation and improved environmental conditions. Thus, in many countries (including Brazil) the use of distributed generation systems has been proposed, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, the micro and mini-generation being some of the technological available possibilities. The main object pursued in this work is to check the eligibility of an economic mini-generation alternative based on methods to evaluate the exergoeconomic cost of replacing consecrated technologies by new technologies. The superstructure is comprised of fuel cells and internal combustion engines for the purpose of generating energy to a residential condominium. The Exergetic Cost Theory was used and accurately assess the exergoeconomic costs that, coupled with financial budgeting methods (internal rate of return, net present value and payback time), allow demonstrating the economic viability. In addition to these methods, a multi-temporal optimization method, which allows the selection of only one of the twelve proposed equipment, besides indicating the best fuel to be used as a primary energy source, was also modeled. The modeling of the superstructure also demonstrates the possibility of commercializing products with the concessionaire, allowing both sell excess production as buying electricity at times, respecting the fluctuations of consumption throughout the day and in different seasons. It can be seen that the fuel cells deliver more expensive electricity when compared with combustion engines, but these costs are equated with the delivery volume of hot water at more affordable costs. The data show that it is more advantageous to use the hydrogen-powered fuel cell to compose the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Decentralization in power generation has been proposed worldwide for different situations as a way to achieve greater reliability of electricity generation and improved environmental conditions. Thus, in many countries (including Brazil) the use of distributed generation systems has been proposed, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, the micro and mini-generation being some of the technological available possibilities. The main object pursued in this work is to check the eligibility of an economic mini-generation alternative based on methods to evaluate the exergoeconomic cost of replacing consecrated technologies by new technologies. The superstructure is comprised of fuel cells and internal combustion engines for the purpose of generating energy to a residential condominium. The Exergetic Cost Theory was used and accurately assess the exergoeconomic costs that, coupled with financial budgeting methods (internal rate of return, net present value and payback time), allow demonstrating the economic viability. In addition to these methods, a multi-temporal optimization method, which allows the selection of only one of the twelve proposed equipment, besides indicating the best fuel to be used as a primary energy source, was also modeled. The modeling of the superstructure also demonstrates the possibility of commercializing products with the concessionaire, allowing both sell excess production as buying electricity at times, respecting the fluctuations of consumption throughout the day and in different seasons. It can be seen that the fuel cells deliver more expensive electricity when compared with combustion engines, but these costs are equated with the delivery volume of hot water at more affordable costs. The data show that it is more advantageous to use the hydrogen-powered fuel cell to compose the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Energia eletrica e calor - Cogeração, Células à combustível, Motores de combustão interna, Electric power and heat cogeneration
Como citar
DEL CARLO, Fabrício Ramos. Analise exergoeconômica aplicada a microgeração em condomínios residenciais. 2013. 92 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2013.