Atta bisphaerica, Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): arquitetura do ninho e distribuição de isca nas câmaras
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Data
2001-01
Autores
Moreira, Aldenise Alves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Santana, localizada no município de Botucatu, SP. Foram escavados seis ninhos adultos de Atta bisphaerica Forel, 1908, com o objetivo de estudar as estruturas externa e interna dos ninhos, a relação entre a área e o volume de terra solta, o volume total e o número total de câmaras e verificar a distribuição de substrato nas câmaras de fungo da colônia. Antes de se iniciar o processo de escavação, alguns orifícios de abastecimento dos ninhos A4, A5 e A6, com áreas de terra solta de 35,04; 73,48 e 18,73 m2, respectivamente, foram mapeados com iscas de canudinho plástico de cores variadas. Nesses orifícios, posteriormente, foram colocadas iscas com corante Rodamina B. Após 24 horas da colocação das iscas, mediram-se a área e o volume de terra solta dos ninhos e foi iniciada a escavação. Durante a escavação foram anotados todos os dados referentes às câmaras e túneis, tais como: dimensões, profundidade em relação ao nível do solo e localização no eixo ortogonal (x, y). Observou-se, também, a presença de corante nas câmaras. Os ninhos A1, A2 e A3, com áreas de terra solta de 31,16; 40,87 e 67,08 m2, respectivamente, tiveram a estrutura interna moldada com cimento, o que possibilitou uma melhor visualização da estrutura de câmaras e túneis. Os ninhos de A. bisphaerica apresentaram um padrão estrutural similar, variando somente o número de câmaras em função da área de terra solta do ninho. As trilhas de forrageamento de A. bisphaerica são curtas e possuem inúmeras bifurcações. A profundidade dos ninhos não variou, apresentando um crescimento apenas lateral. As câmaras apresentaram forma esférica com dois túneis de comunicação, não sendo encontradas câmaras com lixo. Os túneis internos possuíam seção de forma elíptica, algumas vezes circular, ligados indiretamente às câmaras por ramificações... .
This work was carried out at Santana Farm, in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil Six Atta bisphaerica, Forel, 1908 nests were excavated to study their internal and external structures, the relationship between area and volume of the mound, the total volume and total number of chambers and to verify the distribution of substrate in the fungus chambers in the colony. Prior excavation, some supply holes of the A4, A5 and A6 nests, with 35.04; 73.48 and 18.73 m2 of mound area, respectively, were mapped using plastic straw baits of different colors. Later, baits impregnated with Rhodamine B dye were added in these holes. After 24 hours from bait application, the area and volume of the mound were measured and excavation was started. During excavation, all data referring to chambers and tunnels were recorded, such as: dimensions, depth from soil surface and position on the orthogonal axis (x,y). The presence of dye in the chambers was also observed. The A1, A2 and A3 nests, with 31.16; 40.87 and 67.08 m2 of mound area, respectively, had cement-molded internal structure, which enabled a better view of the chamber and channel structures. A. bisphaerica nests presented a similar structural pattern, varying only the number of chambers as a function of mound area. The depth of the nests did not vary, showing only a lateral growth. Chambers presented spherical shape with two communication tunnels, and chambers for waste deposition were not found. Internal tunnels had elliptical section, sometimes circular, indirectly linked to chambers through ramifications and directly through short tunnels. Supply holes were linked to the area of highest chamber concentration by tunnels of elliptical section, which drove straight into the nest by a radial way. The mound area was not correlated neither with the volume nor with the total number of chambers. The mound volume was correlated with the mound area, total... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
This work was carried out at Santana Farm, in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil Six Atta bisphaerica, Forel, 1908 nests were excavated to study their internal and external structures, the relationship between area and volume of the mound, the total volume and total number of chambers and to verify the distribution of substrate in the fungus chambers in the colony. Prior excavation, some supply holes of the A4, A5 and A6 nests, with 35.04; 73.48 and 18.73 m2 of mound area, respectively, were mapped using plastic straw baits of different colors. Later, baits impregnated with Rhodamine B dye were added in these holes. After 24 hours from bait application, the area and volume of the mound were measured and excavation was started. During excavation, all data referring to chambers and tunnels were recorded, such as: dimensions, depth from soil surface and position on the orthogonal axis (x,y). The presence of dye in the chambers was also observed. The A1, A2 and A3 nests, with 31.16; 40.87 and 67.08 m2 of mound area, respectively, had cement-molded internal structure, which enabled a better view of the chamber and channel structures. A. bisphaerica nests presented a similar structural pattern, varying only the number of chambers as a function of mound area. The depth of the nests did not vary, showing only a lateral growth. Chambers presented spherical shape with two communication tunnels, and chambers for waste deposition were not found. Internal tunnels had elliptical section, sometimes circular, indirectly linked to chambers through ramifications and directly through short tunnels. Supply holes were linked to the area of highest chamber concentration by tunnels of elliptical section, which drove straight into the nest by a radial way. The mound area was not correlated neither with the volume nor with the total number of chambers. The mound volume was correlated with the mound area, total... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Sauva (Formiga) - Ninhos
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MOREIRA, Aldenise Alves. Atta bisphaerica, Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): arquitetura do ninho e distribuição de isca nas câmaras. 2001. xi, 87 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2001.