PANORAMA TÉCNICO - ECONÔMICO DO SETOR DE ROCHAS ORNAMENTAIS NO BRASIL
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Data
2004
Autores
Filho, Cid Chiodi
Rodrigues, Eleno de Paula
Artur, Antonio Carlos [UNESP]
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Resumo
O Brasil, destacado pela sua espetacular “geodiversidade”, já se coloca no grupo dos grandes produtores e exportadores mundiais do setor de rochas. Sua produção inclui granitos, ardósias, quartzitos, mármores, travertinos, pedra-sabão, serpentinitos, calcários, conglomerados, basaltos, gnaisses foliados e várias outras rochas, somando cerca de 6 milhões de t/ano e abrangendo 600 variedades comerciais, derivadas de 1.500 frentes de lavra. Os 18 arranjos produtivos locais (APL’s) do setor de rochas, identificados no Brasil, envolvem atividades mínero-industriais em 10 estados e 80 municípios, nas regiões Sudeste, Sul, Centro-Oeste, Norte e Nordeste. Mais amplamente, são registrados 370 municípios com recolhimento da CFEM (Compensação Financeira pela Exploração Mineral) para extração de rochas de revestimento. Estima-se a existência de 11.500 empresas do setor de rochas atuantes no Brasil, responsáveis pela geração de 120.000 empregos diretos e por um parque de beneficiamento com capacidade de serragem e polimento para 50 milhões m2/ano em granitos, mármores, travertinos, e de mais 40 milhões m2/ano para rochas de processamento simples, sobretudo ardósias, basaltos laminados, quartzitos e gnaisses foliados. As transações comerciais do setor nos mercados interno e externo, incluindo-se negócios com máquinas, equipamentos e insumos, movimentam cerca de US$ 2,5 bilhões/ano. As exportações do setor somaram US$ 429,4 milhões em 2003 e estão atendendo cerca de 90 países, destacando-se que o Brasil já é o principal fornecedor de granitos beneficiados para os EUA, além de ser o segundo maior exportador mundial de ardósias.
Brazil is considered one of the largest producer and exporter of dimension stones on a worldwide scale, acting like an effective global player. Its production amounts to 6.0 million tons a year, comprising 600 commercial varieties derived from 1,500 active quarries. Granites represent around 57% of Brazilian production, while 17% is accounted for marble and travertine stones, plus another 8% of slates, and almost 6% of quartzites in general. It’s estimated that there are 11,500 companies operating in the sector in Brazil, accounting for 120,000 direct employees and with a processing capacity of 50 million square meters of granites and marbles a year. Commercial transactions in the domestic and overseas markets, including business with machinery and inputs, turned over about US$ 2.5 billion in 2003. Domestic consumption of dimension stones in Brazil is estimated to be around 51 million square meters a year, equivalent to 25 kg per capita. The Espírito Santo State, followed by Minas Gerais, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states, have the main mines, quarries, processing plants and marble shops. About 433 international trading companies comprised the sector’s exporting base in 1999, rising to 877 in 2003. In 1999, it were exported US$ 232.46 million and 983,610 tons of stones, and this rose to US$ 429.34 million and 1.53 million tons in 2003. The total increase in exports in the period was thus 84.7% in value terms and 55.6% in volume terms. The share in value of processed stones rose from 49.8% to 70.1% of the total exported.
Brazil is considered one of the largest producer and exporter of dimension stones on a worldwide scale, acting like an effective global player. Its production amounts to 6.0 million tons a year, comprising 600 commercial varieties derived from 1,500 active quarries. Granites represent around 57% of Brazilian production, while 17% is accounted for marble and travertine stones, plus another 8% of slates, and almost 6% of quartzites in general. It’s estimated that there are 11,500 companies operating in the sector in Brazil, accounting for 120,000 direct employees and with a processing capacity of 50 million square meters of granites and marbles a year. Commercial transactions in the domestic and overseas markets, including business with machinery and inputs, turned over about US$ 2.5 billion in 2003. Domestic consumption of dimension stones in Brazil is estimated to be around 51 million square meters a year, equivalent to 25 kg per capita. The Espírito Santo State, followed by Minas Gerais, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states, have the main mines, quarries, processing plants and marble shops. About 433 international trading companies comprised the sector’s exporting base in 1999, rising to 877 in 2003. In 1999, it were exported US$ 232.46 million and 983,610 tons of stones, and this rose to US$ 429.34 million and 1.53 million tons in 2003. The total increase in exports in the period was thus 84.7% in value terms and 55.6% in volume terms. The share in value of processed stones rose from 49.8% to 70.1% of the total exported.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rocha ornamental, rocha de revestimento, granito, mármore, mercado de rochas
Como citar
Geociências, v. 23, 2004, p. 5-20.