Efeito da endogamia em Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) criada em Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera Crambidae) ao longo de gerações
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Data
2014-07-07
Autores
Trevisan, Maíra [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Embora no decorrer dos anos o parasitoide Cotesia flavipes tenha se mostrado eficiente no controle das populações da broca da cana, Diatraea saccharalis, atualmente existe a preocupação quanto ao controle de qualidade dos indivíduos produzidos massalmente. Um dos principais problemas das criações massais de insetos se refere aos cruzamentos consanguíneos, que resultam na perda da variabilidade genética, influenciando o tamanho, viabilidade e fertilidade da prole, mortalidade juvenil e adulta, bem como a morfologia dos indivíduos, fatores que podem comprometer a efetividade do inimigo natural. Nesse contexto, avaliou-se os parâmetros biológicos e a capacidade de voo de C. flavipes buscando evidencias do efeito da endogamia na qualidade do parasitoide. Foram comparados dois grupos durante dez gerações, um oriund de uma biofábrica, com outro endogâmico, criado em laboratório e iniciado a partir do primeiro. Para garantir a endogamia, fêmeas recémemergidas foram forçadas a copular com apenas um irmão, sendo os casais individualizados e as fêmeas utilizadas para o parasitismo de lagartas de D. saccharalis. As avaliações foram efetuadas em cada uma das gerações do parasitoide até a décima geração, sendo registrado: a razão sexual, porcentagem de emergência, número de descendentes/fêmea, longevidade de machos e de fêmeas, a capacidade de voo e análise morfométrica dos adultos. Na décima primeira geração foi estudada a capacidade de parasitismo, além da construção de tabelas de vida de fertilidade. Os resultados das características biológicas, da capacidade de voo, da análise de caracteres morfométricos e capacidade de parasitismo mostraram diferenças significativas aleatórias entre os grupos, ora melhores resultados foram verificados para o grupo da biofábrica e ora para o grupo endogâmica. Também não se observou diferenças significativas ao longo de gerações para um mesmo grupo. Assim, a ...
Although over the years the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes has proved to be effective in controlling populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, currently there is concern about the quality control of individuals produced in large scale. One of the main problems of the massal rearing insects refers to inbreeding, resulting in the loss of genetic variability influencing the size, viability and fertility of the offspring, juvenile and adult mortality as well as the morphology of individuals, factors that can compromise the effectiveness of the natural enemy. In this context, we evaluated the biological parameters and flight ability of C. flavipes seeking evidence of the inbreeding effect on the parasitoid quality. Two groups, one from a bio-factory and another inbred laboratory rearing, started from the first, were compared for ten generations. To assure inbreeding, newly emerged females were forced to mate with a brother, being individualized couples and females were used for the parasitism of larvae of D. saccharalis. The evaluations were performed in each of the generations of the parasitoid up to the tenth generation, and recorded the sex ratio, emergence percentage , number of offspring / female, longevity of males and females , the ability of flight and morphometric analysis of adults. At the eleventh generation was studied the parasitism capacity, besides the construction of life tables. The results of the biological characteristics, the ability of flight, morphometric analysis and parasitism capacity showed random significant differences between groups, at times best results were obtained for the biofabric group and sometimes for the inbred group. Also no significant differences across generations for the same group were observed. Thus, the rearing of C. flavipes subjected to inbreeding for ten generations was not sufficient to show deleterious effects of this event on individuals
Although over the years the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes has proved to be effective in controlling populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, currently there is concern about the quality control of individuals produced in large scale. One of the main problems of the massal rearing insects refers to inbreeding, resulting in the loss of genetic variability influencing the size, viability and fertility of the offspring, juvenile and adult mortality as well as the morphology of individuals, factors that can compromise the effectiveness of the natural enemy. In this context, we evaluated the biological parameters and flight ability of C. flavipes seeking evidence of the inbreeding effect on the parasitoid quality. Two groups, one from a bio-factory and another inbred laboratory rearing, started from the first, were compared for ten generations. To assure inbreeding, newly emerged females were forced to mate with a brother, being individualized couples and females were used for the parasitism of larvae of D. saccharalis. The evaluations were performed in each of the generations of the parasitoid up to the tenth generation, and recorded the sex ratio, emergence percentage , number of offspring / female, longevity of males and females , the ability of flight and morphometric analysis of adults. At the eleventh generation was studied the parasitism capacity, besides the construction of life tables. The results of the biological characteristics, the ability of flight, morphometric analysis and parasitism capacity showed random significant differences between groups, at times best results were obtained for the biofabric group and sometimes for the inbred group. Also no significant differences across generations for the same group were observed. Thus, the rearing of C. flavipes subjected to inbreeding for ten generations was not sufficient to show deleterious effects of this event on individuals
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Palavras-chave
Cana-de-açúcar, Cana-de-açúcar - Doenças e pragas - Controle biologico, Broca-da-cana-de-açúcar, Controle de qualidade, Himenoptero, Sugar-cane
Como citar
TREVISAN, Maíra. Efeito da endogamia em Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) criada em Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera Crambidae) ao longo de gerações. 2014. vi, 72 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2014.