Human-calf relationship and its implications on animal welfare
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Data
2014-06-03
Autores
Guimarães, Maria Fernanda Martin do Amaral [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Bezerros leiteiros são separados de suas mães geralmente em algumas horas após o parto e, a partir deste momento, há um aumento expressivo da interação com os seres humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atitudes dos tratadores para com os bezerros leiteiros, e os efeitos dessas atitudes no bem-estar desses animais. Foram realizadas observações diretas do manejo de aleitamento por três dias consecutivos, e as ações dos tratadores foram registradas em dez diferentes fazendas produtoras de leite nos estados de São Paulo (9) e Minas Gerais (1). Para avaliar o temperamento dos animais, três testes comportamentais foram realizados: escore de distância de fuga (FDS), teste de aproximação voluntária (VA) e avaliação qualitativa do comportamento (QBA). Um questionário contendo 21 questões foi aplicado para cada tratador. Um total de 12 tratadores e 328 bezerros foi avaliado. Para diminuir a dimensionalidade dos dados e entender as múltiplas associações entre as variáveis, foram realizadas: Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), Análise de Fatores (FA) e Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (MCA), com uso do programa estatístico Statistica 7. Análises de variância confirmatórias foram realizadas usando o programa estatístico SAS; junto com a estimação dos coeficientes de correlação de Spearman (rs) para as variáveis não paramétricas. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas para os descritores do QBA entre as 10 fazendas avaliadas (F = 11.48, P < 0.0001). De acordo com a PCA, as fazendas 1, 2, 3 e 5 tiveram os animais com pior temperamento. As fazendas 3 e 5 apresentaram os tratadores que menos se preocupavam com os bezerros, de acordo com as respostas no questionário. Após a FA, foi possível fazer um ranking dos ‘bons’ e ‘maus’ tratadores, demonstrando que os tratadores 1, 2a e 2b foram aqueles que mais apresentaram ações positivas em relação aos bezerros, mas também um maior ...
Dairy calves are usually separated from their dams within few hours after birth, when calves start their relationship with humans. The aim of this study was to assess the handler attitudes toward dairy calves and their effects on calf welfare. Direct observations during milk feeding period were made for three consecutive days, and all actions from the handlers were recorded in ten different commercial dairy farms in the states of São Paulo (9) and Minas Gerais (1). Calf temperament traits were assessed by performing three behavioural tests: flight distance score (FDS); voluntary approach test (VA); and qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA). A questionnaire containing 21 questions was applied for each handler. A total of 12 handlers and 328 calves were assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) were held, using Statistica 7 software package, for shrinking the data dimensionality and understanding the multiple association among the variables. Confirmatory data analyses of variance (ANOVA) were carried out using SAS software program; and the Spearman coefficients of correlation (rs) were estimated for the non-parametric variables. Significant differences were found among the 10 farms regarding the QBA descriptors (F = 11.48, P < 0.0001). According to the PCA farms 1, 2, 3 and 5 presented calves with undesirable temperament descriptors. In addition, farms 3 and 5 showed handlers who least cared for the calves according to their answers in the questionnaire. After the FA, it was possible to make a ranking of the ‘good’ and ‘poor’ handlers, showing that handlers 1, 2a and 2b were the handlers who performed most positive actions, but were also the ones who performed most negative actions (in lower proportions); handlers 3 and 5 had the most ill calves under their care, and also animals which did not approach the test person. According to the MCA, it was possible ...
Dairy calves are usually separated from their dams within few hours after birth, when calves start their relationship with humans. The aim of this study was to assess the handler attitudes toward dairy calves and their effects on calf welfare. Direct observations during milk feeding period were made for three consecutive days, and all actions from the handlers were recorded in ten different commercial dairy farms in the states of São Paulo (9) and Minas Gerais (1). Calf temperament traits were assessed by performing three behavioural tests: flight distance score (FDS); voluntary approach test (VA); and qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA). A questionnaire containing 21 questions was applied for each handler. A total of 12 handlers and 328 calves were assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) were held, using Statistica 7 software package, for shrinking the data dimensionality and understanding the multiple association among the variables. Confirmatory data analyses of variance (ANOVA) were carried out using SAS software program; and the Spearman coefficients of correlation (rs) were estimated for the non-parametric variables. Significant differences were found among the 10 farms regarding the QBA descriptors (F = 11.48, P < 0.0001). According to the PCA farms 1, 2, 3 and 5 presented calves with undesirable temperament descriptors. In addition, farms 3 and 5 showed handlers who least cared for the calves according to their answers in the questionnaire. After the FA, it was possible to make a ranking of the ‘good’ and ‘poor’ handlers, showing that handlers 1, 2a and 2b were the handlers who performed most positive actions, but were also the ones who performed most negative actions (in lower proportions); handlers 3 and 5 had the most ill calves under their care, and also animals which did not approach the test person. According to the MCA, it was possible ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bovino de leite, Bovino - Comportamento, Relação homem-animal, Temperamento, Saude animal, Animal behavior
Como citar
GUIMARÃES, Maria Fernanda Martin do Amaral. Human-calf relationship and its implications on animal welfare. 2014. vi, 67 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2014.