Acúmulo de massa seca e de macronutrientes por plantas de Glycine max e Solanum americanum
Data
2012-03-01
Autores
Bianco, S. [UNESP]
Carvalho, L. B.
Bianco, M. S. [UNESP]
Pitelli, R. A [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
A soja é uma das principais culturas agrícolas do Brasil, sendo a sua produtividade muito influenciada pela competição exercida pelas plantas daninhas. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, em Jaboticabal, SP, objetivando determinar o acúmulo de massa seca, assim como a distribuição e o acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de soja, no período de outubro de 2000 a fevereiro de 2001, e de Solanum americanum, no período de janeiro a maio de 1995. As plantas cresceram em vasos com capacidade de 7 litros, preenchidos com areia de rio lavada e peneirada; elas foram irrigadas diariamente com solução nutritiva. Os tratamentos foram representados pelas épocas de amostragem, realizada a intervalos de 14 dias, iniciando-se 21 dias após a emergência (DAE), até 161 DAE para S. americanum e 119 DAE para soja cv. BR-16 (precoce). O ponto de máximo acúmulo teórico de massa seca deu-se aos 104 DAE para a soja (35,0 g por planta) e 143 DAE para S. americanum (179,62 g por planta). da emergência até 49 e 63 DAE, as folhas apresentaram maior participação no acúmulo de massa seca para soja e S. americanum, respectivamente. Após esses períodos, verificou-se, em ambas as espécies, inversão na representatividade das folhas por caules para a espécie daninha e por caules e, posteriormente, por estruturas reprodutivas, para a cultura. A taxa de absorção diária dos macronutrientes atingiu maiores valores entre 69 e 87 DAE para a soja e entre 105 e 119 DAE para a planta daninha. Considerando a média dos valores de pontos de inflexão observados para a cultura da soja, tem-se que aos 75 DAE uma planta de soja acumula teoricamente 23,9 g de massa seca, 564,4 mg de N, 7,1 mg de P, 490,8 mg de K, 487,0 mg de Ca, 156,6 mg de Mg e 36,0 mg de S. Para o mesmo período, uma planta de S. americanum acumula teoricamente 33,75 g de massa seca, 875,96 mg de N, 88,46 mg de P, 983,54 mg de K, 647,60 mg de Ca, 100,93 mg de Mg e 42,15 mg de S.
Soybean is one of the main crops in Brazil, but its productivity is very affected by weed competition. Two experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, under greenhouse conditions to determine the accumulation and distribution of dry mass and macronutrients in soybean cv. BR-16, from October 2000 to February 2001, and Solanum americanum plants, from January to May 1995. Plants were grown in seven liter pots filled with river sand substrate and were daily irrigated with nutrient solution. The treatments were constituted by the times of samplings carried out at 14 day intervals, starting 21 days after emergence (DAE). Soybean evaluation was extended to 161 DAE, while S. americanum was extended to 119 DAE. The point of maximum theoretical accumulation of dry mass in soybean occurred at 104 DAE (35.00 g per plant) while for S. americanum, it occurred at 143 DAE (179.62 g per plant). From emergence until 49 and 63 DAE, leaves showed higher participation in dry mass accumulation of soybean and S. americanum, respectively. After these periods, an inversion could be observed, with leaves being surpassed by stems for the weeds, and by stems and later, by reproductive structures, for the crop. Macronutrient uptake rate reached higher values between 69 to 87 DAE for soybean and between 105 to 119 DAE for S. americanum. Considering the mean inflexion point values observed in soybean crop, at 75 DAE, it can be evidenced that one soybean plant theoretically accumulated 23.90 g of dry mass, 564.40 mg of N, 7.10 mg of P, 490.80 mg of K, 487.00 mg of Ca, 156.60 mg of Mg and 36.00 mg of S, while one S. americanum plant theoretically accumulated 33.75 g of dry mass, 875.96 mg of N, 88.46 mg of P, 983.54 mg of K, 647.60 mg of Ca, 100.93 mg of Mg, and 42.15 mg of S.
Soybean is one of the main crops in Brazil, but its productivity is very affected by weed competition. Two experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, under greenhouse conditions to determine the accumulation and distribution of dry mass and macronutrients in soybean cv. BR-16, from October 2000 to February 2001, and Solanum americanum plants, from January to May 1995. Plants were grown in seven liter pots filled with river sand substrate and were daily irrigated with nutrient solution. The treatments were constituted by the times of samplings carried out at 14 day intervals, starting 21 days after emergence (DAE). Soybean evaluation was extended to 161 DAE, while S. americanum was extended to 119 DAE. The point of maximum theoretical accumulation of dry mass in soybean occurred at 104 DAE (35.00 g per plant) while for S. americanum, it occurred at 143 DAE (179.62 g per plant). From emergence until 49 and 63 DAE, leaves showed higher participation in dry mass accumulation of soybean and S. americanum, respectively. After these periods, an inversion could be observed, with leaves being surpassed by stems for the weeds, and by stems and later, by reproductive structures, for the crop. Macronutrient uptake rate reached higher values between 69 to 87 DAE for soybean and between 105 to 119 DAE for S. americanum. Considering the mean inflexion point values observed in soybean crop, at 75 DAE, it can be evidenced that one soybean plant theoretically accumulated 23.90 g of dry mass, 564.40 mg of N, 7.10 mg of P, 490.80 mg of K, 487.00 mg of Ca, 156.60 mg of Mg and 36.00 mg of S, while one S. americanum plant theoretically accumulated 33.75 g of dry mass, 875.96 mg of N, 88.46 mg of P, 983.54 mg of K, 647.60 mg of Ca, 100.93 mg of Mg, and 42.15 mg of S.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Análise de crescimento, maria-pretinha, Nutrição mineral, Soja
Como citar
Planta Daninha. Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas , v. 30, n. 1, p. 87-95, 2012.