Frangos de corte de produtores do estado de São Paulo: rastreabilidade da alimentação por δ13C e δ15N
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Data
2016-01-19
Autores
Fernandes, Barbara Cristina da Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se rastrear a presença de subprodutos de origem animal na alimentação de frangos de corte de granjas comerciais por meio da metodologia dos isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio (δ13C e δ15N), no músculo peitoral e mucosa intestinal, assim como iniciar um banco de dados de valores bromatológicos e isotópicos dos ingredientes da ração de maior interesse na avicultura de corte. Foram amostradas aleatoriamente oito aves (machos) semanalmente de sete granjas de diferentes empresas avícolas dentro do Estado de São Paulo para obtenção das amostras de músculo peitoral e mucosa intestinal. Nos mesmos dias de coletas foram retiradas três amostras aleatórias de ração, adquiridas dos comedouros de cada granja. Para o banco de dados foram amostrados os ingredientes milho, soja, farelo de soja e farinhas de origem animal dos departamentos de recepção e controle de qualidade dos ingredientes das fabricas de ração visitadas. Todas as amostras foram submetidas à análise de espectrometria de massa de razão isotópica, sendo que a ração também foi avaliada quanto à presença de DNA de origem animal por PCR. Os dados isotópicos das amostras foram submetidos à análise de variância em cada idade de coleta, sendo complementados pelo teste de Tukey, e o conjunto de todos os dados foram avaliados pelas análises multivariadas de componentes principais e discriminante linear. Foi possível verificar pela análise de PCR na ração que somente as empresas D e F utilizaram ração estritamente vegetal ao longo do período de criação das aves. Houve diferença entre os valores isotópicos da ração, músculo peitoral e mucosa intestinal das aves das empresas D e F em relação às demais, sendo esta mais definida para o δ15N dos sete aos 42 dias de idade. Esse mesmo resultado foi obtido pelas análises multivariadas. Portanto, foi possível diferenciar as empresas que utilizaram alimentação estritamente vegetal em relação às demais, demonstrando a possibilidade de rastrear a presença de subprodutos de origem animal na alimentação dos frangos de corte de granjas comerciais pela metodologia dos isótopos estáveis.
The aim of this study was to trace the presence of animal by-products in commercial broiler farms feed using the methodology of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in the pectoral muscle and intestinal mucosa, and start a database of bromatological and isotopic values of feed ingredients with greatest interest in poultry production. Eight male birds were sampled randomly week-by-week in seven broiler farms of different poultry companies in the São Paulo State to obtain samples of pectoral muscle and intestinal mucosa. Were taken on the same day of sampling three random samples of feed, acquired from feeders of each commercial broiler unit. For the database were sampled corn, soybean, soybean meal and animal by-products obtained from reception and quality control departments of visited feed factories. All samples were analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and feed was also evaluated for the presence of animal DNA by PCR analysis. The isotopic data of the samples were submitted to analysis of variance in each age collection, complemented by Tukey test, and the set of all data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of major and linear discriminant components. It was verified by PCR analysis in feed that only D and F companies used strictly vegetable diet throughout the period of raising birds. There was difference between isotopic values of feed, pectoral muscle, and intestinal mucosa of birds from D and F companies compared with others, which is most definitely for the δ15N from seven to 42 days old. The same result was obtained by multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was possible to differentiate the companies that used strictly vegetable diet from the others, demonstrating the ability to trace the presence of animal by-products in commercial broiler farms feed using the methodology of stable isotopes.
The aim of this study was to trace the presence of animal by-products in commercial broiler farms feed using the methodology of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in the pectoral muscle and intestinal mucosa, and start a database of bromatological and isotopic values of feed ingredients with greatest interest in poultry production. Eight male birds were sampled randomly week-by-week in seven broiler farms of different poultry companies in the São Paulo State to obtain samples of pectoral muscle and intestinal mucosa. Were taken on the same day of sampling three random samples of feed, acquired from feeders of each commercial broiler unit. For the database were sampled corn, soybean, soybean meal and animal by-products obtained from reception and quality control departments of visited feed factories. All samples were analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and feed was also evaluated for the presence of animal DNA by PCR analysis. The isotopic data of the samples were submitted to analysis of variance in each age collection, complemented by Tukey test, and the set of all data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of major and linear discriminant components. It was verified by PCR analysis in feed that only D and F companies used strictly vegetable diet throughout the period of raising birds. There was difference between isotopic values of feed, pectoral muscle, and intestinal mucosa of birds from D and F companies compared with others, which is most definitely for the δ15N from seven to 42 days old. The same result was obtained by multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was possible to differentiate the companies that used strictly vegetable diet from the others, demonstrating the ability to trace the presence of animal by-products in commercial broiler farms feed using the methodology of stable isotopes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
PCR, Análises multivariadas, Isótopos estáveis, Multivariate analysis, Stable isotope, Nitrogênio-15, Carbono-13, Análise de componentes principais, Nitrogen-15, Carbon-13, Analysis of main components