Desempenho e bem estar de bovinos Nelore na fase de recria mantidos em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária
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Data
2016-01-15
Autores
Aranha, Aline Sampaio [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil se destaca no cenário mundial de produção de bovinos em pastagens. No entanto, grande parte destes pastos apresenta algum grau de degradação, necessitando serem recuperados, nesse sentido os sistemas integrados podem ser uma ferramenta para a recuperação de áreas degradadas e contribui para amortizar, em parte os custos da recuperação das pastagens, pela venda dos grãos e o aproveitamento dos nutrientes residuais das lavouras para produção de forragem. Além, da lavoura e da pastagem, utiliza-se o componente arbóreo, que possibilita o aumento de renda da propriedade. Sendo assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de novilhos da raça Nelore e a massa de forragem e composição morfológica do capim-marandu em áreas recuperadas com sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) nas densidades de 196 e 448 Eucalyptus spp. por hectare e em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), nas estações verão e inverno. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos com 4 repetições. O experimento foi conduzido na APTA – Andradina, SP. Foi avaliado na forragem: massa seca de capim-marandu, porcentagem de folhas, colmo e material senescente, relação folha:colmo; nos animais foi avaliado: ganho de peso, ganho de peso diário, ganho de peso por área, taxa de lotação. A massa seca de forragem foi superior no sistema ILP à ILPF com 448 árvores.ha-1. No inverno a massa seca de forragem foi superior ao verão. Houve interação entre tratamento e estação para porcentagem de folhas e material senescente, enquanto para colmos houve apenas efeito de estação, sendo a porcentagem de colmos no inverno 5% superior ao verão. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos para ganho de peso diário, ganho de peso e ganho de peso por área, no entanto houve diferença para estação em todos os parâmetros avaliados, exceto para a taxa de lotação. O peso final dos animais foi maior no tratamento ILP. A massa seca de forragem e taxa de lotação é reduzida em maior adensamento de árvores e a composição morfológica é alterada pelos sistemas ILPFs e ILP.
Brazil stands out on the world stage cattle production in pastures. However, most of these pastures have some degree of degradation and needs to be recovered, accordingly, the integrated system can be a tool for the recovery of degraded areas and contributes to repay in part the costs of recovery of pastures, the sale of grain and the use of residual nutrients of crops for forage production. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Nellore steers and forage mass and morphological composition of marandu grass in areas retrieved systems crop-livestock-forest integration system (ICLF) in densities 196 and 448 Eucalyptus spp. per hectare and system integration crop-livestock (ICL), during the rainy and dry. The experimental design was in blocks with four repetitions. The experiment was conducted at APTA - Andradina, SP. It was evaluated in forage: dry matter Marandu grass, percentage of leaves, stem and senescent material, leaf: stem ratio; the animals were evaluated: weight gain, daily weight gain, weight gain per area, stocking rate. The dry forage mass was greater in the ICL than ICLF system with 448 trees.ha-1. In the dry season the dry forage mass was higher than the rainy season. There was an interaction between treatment and season to percentage of senescent leaves and material, while there were only station to stalk effect, the percentage of stems and 5% in the dry season than the wet season. No differences were observed between treatments for daily weight gain, weight gain and weight gain per area, however there were differences for season in all evaluated parameters, except for the stocking rate. The final weight of the animals was greatest in the ILP treatment. The dry forage mass and stocking rate is reduced by greater density of trees and morphological composition is changed by ILPFs and ILP systems.
Brazil stands out on the world stage cattle production in pastures. However, most of these pastures have some degree of degradation and needs to be recovered, accordingly, the integrated system can be a tool for the recovery of degraded areas and contributes to repay in part the costs of recovery of pastures, the sale of grain and the use of residual nutrients of crops for forage production. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Nellore steers and forage mass and morphological composition of marandu grass in areas retrieved systems crop-livestock-forest integration system (ICLF) in densities 196 and 448 Eucalyptus spp. per hectare and system integration crop-livestock (ICL), during the rainy and dry. The experimental design was in blocks with four repetitions. The experiment was conducted at APTA - Andradina, SP. It was evaluated in forage: dry matter Marandu grass, percentage of leaves, stem and senescent material, leaf: stem ratio; the animals were evaluated: weight gain, daily weight gain, weight gain per area, stocking rate. The dry forage mass was greater in the ICL than ICLF system with 448 trees.ha-1. In the dry season the dry forage mass was higher than the rainy season. There was an interaction between treatment and season to percentage of senescent leaves and material, while there were only station to stalk effect, the percentage of stems and 5% in the dry season than the wet season. No differences were observed between treatments for daily weight gain, weight gain and weight gain per area, however there were differences for season in all evaluated parameters, except for the stocking rate. The final weight of the animals was greatest in the ILP treatment. The dry forage mass and stocking rate is reduced by greater density of trees and morphological composition is changed by ILPFs and ILP systems.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ganho de peso, Integração lavoura-pecuária, Integração lavourapecuária-floresta, Bricharia bryzantha cv. Marandu, Eucaliptus spp, Weight gain, Crop-livestock integration, Crop-livestock-forest integration