Isolamento de cepas bacterianas degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos
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Data
2016-02-11
Autores
Orjuela, Guillermo Ladino [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este documento foi organizado em dois capítulos. O Capítulo I é um artigo de revisão intitulado “Metabolic Pathways for Aromatic Compounds Degradation by Bacteria”, no qual são descritas as fontes naturais e antrópicas dos hidrocarbonetos aromáticos e suas características químicas. Relacionaram-se os fatores ambientais que afetam a degradação aeróbia e anaeróbia desses compostos por bactérias e os principais compostos intermediários produzidos. É descrita passo a passo a sequência de preparação e desaromatização do anel benzênico e os compostos finais dessa degradação. O artigo foi publicado no volume 237 da série Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology em janeiro de 2016 (Springer http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8_5). O Capítulo II contém os resultados da pesquisa desenvolvida. O objetivo geral foi isolar cepas bacterianas de amostras de solo e avaliar o potencial degradador de fenol e outros hidrocarbonetos aromáticos. Foram realizadas coletas de amostras de solo de cinco postos de combustíveis, para a seleção das cepas bacterianas e para análises químicas e granulométricas. Alíquotas das amostras de solo foram transferidas para meio de cultura seletivo contendo querosene como única fonte de carbono. Testes morfológicos e bioquímicos indicaram que as cepas isoladas são Gram negativas, móveis, catalase positivas, produtoras de cápsula e de biossurfactantes. O sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA mostrou 99 a 100% de similaridade com o gênero Pseudomonas sp. Todas as cepas degradaram o fenol em concentração de 120 mg L-1 em menos de 24 horas. Testes da atividade enzimática mostraram que algumas das cepas expressaram a catecol 1,2-dioxigenase que catalisa a orto-clivagem do anel benzênico e outras expressaram a catecol 2,3 dioxigenase da meta-clivagem do anel aromático. Uma cepa não apresentou atividade para nenhuma dessas duas enzimas e uma apresentou atividade de ambas. Todas as cepas foram capazes de crescer em presença de fenantreno, fluoranteno e pireno.
This document is organized in two chapters. The Chapter I is a review paper entitled “Metabolic Pathways for Aromatic Compounds Degradation by Bacteria” in which are described natural and anthropogenic sources of aromatic hydrocarbons and their chemical characteristics. There are listed environmental factors that affect the aerobic and anaerobic degradation by bacteria and the central intermediates yielded. It is described step to step of sequence of preparation and dearomatization of benzene ring and the final metabolites of breakdown. The manuscript was publicated in the volume 237 of Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology in January of 2016 (Springer http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 319-23573-8_5). Chapter II has the results of developed research. The general objective was to isolate bacterial strains from samples of soil and to evaluate the potential of them for breakdown hydrocarbons. Soil samples from five gas stations were collected to isolate the bacterial strains and chemical and granulometric analysis was made. Aliquots of the soil samples were cultured with selective media with kerosene as only carbon and energy sources. Morphological and biochemical tests showed that bacterial strains were Gram negatives, motile, positive catalase, capsule-producers and biosurfactant producers. The sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed 99 to 100% similarity with Pseudomonas sp genera. All bacterial strains were able to degrade phenol 120 mg L-1 in less than 24 hours. Tests of enzymatic activity showed that some bacteria expressed the catecol 1,2-dioxygenase that catalyze ortoclivage of benzene ring, others showed activity for the catecol 2,3-dioxygenase that catalyze the meta-cleavage of the ring. One strain did not show activity for any of these enzymes and one strain had activity for both. All strains were able to growth with fenantrene, fluoranthene and pyrene.
This document is organized in two chapters. The Chapter I is a review paper entitled “Metabolic Pathways for Aromatic Compounds Degradation by Bacteria” in which are described natural and anthropogenic sources of aromatic hydrocarbons and their chemical characteristics. There are listed environmental factors that affect the aerobic and anaerobic degradation by bacteria and the central intermediates yielded. It is described step to step of sequence of preparation and dearomatization of benzene ring and the final metabolites of breakdown. The manuscript was publicated in the volume 237 of Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology in January of 2016 (Springer http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 319-23573-8_5). Chapter II has the results of developed research. The general objective was to isolate bacterial strains from samples of soil and to evaluate the potential of them for breakdown hydrocarbons. Soil samples from five gas stations were collected to isolate the bacterial strains and chemical and granulometric analysis was made. Aliquots of the soil samples were cultured with selective media with kerosene as only carbon and energy sources. Morphological and biochemical tests showed that bacterial strains were Gram negatives, motile, positive catalase, capsule-producers and biosurfactant producers. The sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed 99 to 100% similarity with Pseudomonas sp genera. All bacterial strains were able to degrade phenol 120 mg L-1 in less than 24 hours. Tests of enzymatic activity showed that some bacteria expressed the catecol 1,2-dioxygenase that catalyze ortoclivage of benzene ring, others showed activity for the catecol 2,3-dioxygenase that catalyze the meta-cleavage of the ring. One strain did not show activity for any of these enzymes and one strain had activity for both. All strains were able to growth with fenantrene, fluoranthene and pyrene.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biodegradação de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos, Biodegradação do fenol, Catecol 1,2-dioxigenase, Catecol 2,3-dioxigenase, Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Biodegradation of phenol, Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase