Diagnóstico da qualidade ambiental nas áreas verdes públicas em Presidente Prudente (SP)
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Data
2016-02-10
Autores
Souza, Mariana Cristina Cunha [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação de mestrado intitulada Diagnóstico Ambiental nas Áreas verdes Públicas em Presidente Prudente (SP) tem como objeto de estudo as áreas verdes públicas da cidade de Presidente Prudente, que enquanto espaços destinados ao uso público desempenham funções específicas na dinâmica urbana, destacando-se a social, a ecológica e a estética. Em relação às suas características, mencionam-se as mais fundamentais como o solo permeável, mobiliário e equipamentos que permitam a realização de atividades físicas, de lazer e esportivas, além da presença marcante na paisagem da vegetação, especialmente, a de porte arbóreo. Por conseguinte, a proposta da dissertação foi elaborada enquanto uma contribuição para os estudos relacionados aos problemas ambientais urbanos, sem negligenciar os processos inerentes à produção do espaço geográfico, uma vez que o objetivo principal foi analisar a qualidade das áreas verdes públicas, tendo como premissa o fato de serem indicadores de qualidade ambiental na escala da cidade, não concebidas de modo imparcial, mas pensadas integralmente aos arranjos socioespaciais, associados às diferentes formas de apropriação e produção do espaço em sociedade. Por meio de uma análise histórico-temporal, foi evidenciado como determinados processos históricos influenciaram nos padrões de qualidade ambiental identificados para as áreas verdes analisadas. No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, o levantamento documental e bibliográfico revelou como o espaço na cidade tem sido produzido desde a implantação do seu núcleo urbano inicial. Já o inventário das áreas verdes existentes, etapa possível devido às informações cedidas pela Secretaria de Meio Ambiente (SEMEA), mostrou como as mesmas estão dispostas dentro dos limites do perímetro urbano. Por sua vez, a pesquisa de campo, embasada na ficha de caracterização das áreas verdes, permitiu o conhecimento e a avaliação de indicadores geoambientais relevantes para a análise da dinâmica paisagística e ambiental nas áreas verdes. Os dados obtidos em campo foram sistematizados, organizados e espacializados com o auxílio da ferramenta do sensoriamento remoto, dos sistemas de informações geográficas, de técnicas de geoprocessamento, e pelo emprego do índice de qualidade ambiental nas áreas verdes, sendo de extrema importância no momento da análise, interpretação e apresentação dos resultados finais. Por fim, o diagnóstico da qualidade ambiental nas áreas verdes públicas de Presidente Prudente, enquanto um problema complexo e geográfico se deu pelas correlações estabelecidas entre teoria, metodologia e prática. Os resultados obtidos com esta pesquisa mostram uma relação direta entre processos de ordem histórica e política, e os padrões de qualidade ambiental das áreas verdes públicas avaliadas, corroborando que a produção desigual do espaço urbano interfere de maneira significativa, no modo como os investimentos públicos e privados são direcionados na escala intraurbana. Mais detalhadamente, os resultados demonstram que as áreas verdes melhor avaliadas no desempenho da função ecológica, se concentram no setor sul e oeste; as que obtiveram melhor avaliação no quesito função social estão implantadas no setor norte e leste; aquelas cujas avaliações foram mais positivas, tendo como referência a função estética, localizam-se no setor sul; no conjunto avaliado, as áreas verdes desempenham melhor a função estética, seguida da ecológica e por último a social; os melhores índices de qualidade ambiental nas áreas verdes públicas estão no setor sul e leste; já os piores no setor oeste e norte. Em síntese, os melhores índices de qualidade ambiental foram registrados em setores de inclusão social e/ou de baixa exclusão social; em áreas onde a presença da vegetação arbórea é mais expressiva, os valores do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) são mais próximos de +1, as temperaturas de superfície menos aquecidas, onde o padrão construtivo é a baixa e média densidade de construção atrelada à alta ou média presença de vegetação arbórea, e nos setores que, historicamente, foram valorizados por meio de políticas públicas de reurbanização, cujos investimentos representam uma associação entre poder público e capital privado.
This dissertation titled Environmental Diagnosis of Public Green Areas in Presidente Prudente (SP) has as its object of study public green areas in Presidente Prudente, that while spaces for public use perform specific functions in the urban dynamic, especially the social, ecological and aesthetic. In relation to its characteristics, the most fundamental are referred to as the permeable ground, furniture and equipments that allow you to perform physical activities, leisure and sports, as well as a strong presence in the landscape of vegetation, especially the arboreal size. Therefore, the proposal of the dissertation has been prepared as a contribution to the studies related to urban environmental problems, without neglecting the processes involved in production of geographical space, since the main objective was to analyze the quality of public green areas, with the premise the fact that they are indicators of environmental quality in the city scale, not designed impartially, but thought to the attention of sociospatial arrangements, associated with different forms of ownership and production of the space in society. Through a historical-temporal analysis, we sought to show how certain historical processes influenced the environmental quality standards identified for the green areas analyzed. Regarding the methodological procedures, documentary and literature revealed how the space in the city has been produced since the implementation of its initial urban core. The inventory of existing green areas in the city, can step due to information provided by the Department of Environment showed how they are disposed within the boundaries of urban area. In turn, the field research, based on characterization form in green areas has allowed the knowledge and assessment of relevant geo-environmental indicators for analyzing the landscape and environmental dynamics in the green areas. Data from field were systematized, organized and specialized with the help of remote sensing tools, systems of geographic information and GIS techniques, and the use of environmental quality index in the green areas, being very important in the analysis, interpretation and presentation of the final results. Finally, diagnosis of environmental quality in the public green areas in Presidente Prudente, while a complex and geographic problem occurred by the correlations established between theory, methodology and practice. The results of this research show a direct relationship between historical order processes and political, and environmental quality standards identified for public green areas assessed, showing that uneven production of urban space interferes significantly in the way investments public and private are directed at intra-urban scale. With more details, the results show that the best green areas evaluated the performance of ecological function, are concentrated in the south and west sector; who obtained the best assessment in category social function are deployed in the northern sector and the eastern sector; those whose ratings were more positive, with reference to the aesthetic function, located in the southern sector; the assessed together on the greens better play the aesthetic function, followed by green and finally the social; the best environmental quality indices in public green areas are in the south and east sector industry; already the worst in western and northern sector. Objectively, the highest rates were recorded in sectors of social inclusion and/or low social exclusion; in areas where the presence of trees is more significant, the values of vegetation index (NDVI) are closer to +1, surface temperatures less heated, where the constructive pattern is the low and medium building density linked to high or medium presence of arboreal vegetation, and in sectors that historically have been valued through public policy redevelopment, whose investments represent a partnership between government and private capital.
This dissertation titled Environmental Diagnosis of Public Green Areas in Presidente Prudente (SP) has as its object of study public green areas in Presidente Prudente, that while spaces for public use perform specific functions in the urban dynamic, especially the social, ecological and aesthetic. In relation to its characteristics, the most fundamental are referred to as the permeable ground, furniture and equipments that allow you to perform physical activities, leisure and sports, as well as a strong presence in the landscape of vegetation, especially the arboreal size. Therefore, the proposal of the dissertation has been prepared as a contribution to the studies related to urban environmental problems, without neglecting the processes involved in production of geographical space, since the main objective was to analyze the quality of public green areas, with the premise the fact that they are indicators of environmental quality in the city scale, not designed impartially, but thought to the attention of sociospatial arrangements, associated with different forms of ownership and production of the space in society. Through a historical-temporal analysis, we sought to show how certain historical processes influenced the environmental quality standards identified for the green areas analyzed. Regarding the methodological procedures, documentary and literature revealed how the space in the city has been produced since the implementation of its initial urban core. The inventory of existing green areas in the city, can step due to information provided by the Department of Environment showed how they are disposed within the boundaries of urban area. In turn, the field research, based on characterization form in green areas has allowed the knowledge and assessment of relevant geo-environmental indicators for analyzing the landscape and environmental dynamics in the green areas. Data from field were systematized, organized and specialized with the help of remote sensing tools, systems of geographic information and GIS techniques, and the use of environmental quality index in the green areas, being very important in the analysis, interpretation and presentation of the final results. Finally, diagnosis of environmental quality in the public green areas in Presidente Prudente, while a complex and geographic problem occurred by the correlations established between theory, methodology and practice. The results of this research show a direct relationship between historical order processes and political, and environmental quality standards identified for public green areas assessed, showing that uneven production of urban space interferes significantly in the way investments public and private are directed at intra-urban scale. With more details, the results show that the best green areas evaluated the performance of ecological function, are concentrated in the south and west sector; who obtained the best assessment in category social function are deployed in the northern sector and the eastern sector; those whose ratings were more positive, with reference to the aesthetic function, located in the southern sector; the assessed together on the greens better play the aesthetic function, followed by green and finally the social; the best environmental quality indices in public green areas are in the south and east sector industry; already the worst in western and northern sector. Objectively, the highest rates were recorded in sectors of social inclusion and/or low social exclusion; in areas where the presence of trees is more significant, the values of vegetation index (NDVI) are closer to +1, surface temperatures less heated, where the constructive pattern is the low and medium building density linked to high or medium presence of arboreal vegetation, and in sectors that historically have been valued through public policy redevelopment, whose investments represent a partnership between government and private capital.
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Palavras-chave
Qualidade ambiental urbana, Espaço urbano, Espaço público, Indicadores ambientais, Problemas ambientais urbanos, Paisagem, Planejamento, Presidente Prudente, Urban environmental quality, Urban space, Public space, Environmental Indicators, Urban environmental problems, Landscape, Planning