Concepções e expectativas de crianças e de profissionais sobre o espaço na Educação Infantil
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Data
2016-02-18
Autores
Evangelista, Ariadne de Sousa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa “Concepções e expectativas de crianças e de profissionais sobre o espaço na Educação Infantil” integra o Programa de Pós-Graduação de Mestrado em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia. O objeto da investigação é o espaço educacional e seu objetivo geral é identificar as concepções e expectativas de crianças e profissionais da Educação Infantil em relação ao espaço escolar, com o propósito de analisar a qualidade da organização do espaço e identificar os possíveis avanços, contradições e dificuldades materializadas no cotidiano escolar. O estudo parte da premissa de que, embora haja avanços teóricos no que diz respeito ao espaço escolar, os quais podem ser constatados nos documentos oficiais e na produção científica, na prática, a organização espacial das instituições de Educação Infantil pouco se altera. Desse modo, problematizamos: Quais os avanços e retrocessos materializados no espaço educacional? Qual a concepção dos profissionais da Educação sobre o espaço escolar? Qual a concepção das crianças sobre o espaço escolar? Consideramos o espaço escolar como um elemento curricular. Nessa perspectiva, a fundamentação teórica se baseia em autores de quatro áreas do conhecimento: Educação, Geografia, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Psicologia Ambiental. Entre eles, estão: Forneiro (1998), Frago e Escolano (1998), Zabalza (1998), Edwards, Gandini e Forman (1999), Carvalho e Rubiano (2000), Barbosa e Horn (2001, 2008), Meneghini e Campos-de-Carvalho (2003), Horn (2004), Jaume (2004), Barbosa (2006), Kramer (2009), Campos-de-Carvalho (2011), Blanc e Lesann (2012), Oliveira et al. (2012) e Ceppi e Zini (2013). A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso, numa abordagem qualitativa. O campo de investigação foi uma instituição pública que atende exclusivamente a crianças da Educação Infantil, localizada em Presidente Prudente (SP). Os sujeitos da investigação foram dezoito crianças de uma turma de Pré-escola II, sua respectiva professora, a orientadora pedagógica e a diretora da instituição. Os procedimentos de recolha de dados com as crianças foram a observação in loco, o poema dos desejos (Wish Poem) e a seleção visual. Com relação aos adultos, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, o poema dos desejos e a seleção visual. Os resultados apontam que o espaço escolar necessita de um olhar mais sensível, no que se refere a sua organização e estrutura física. Houve avanços com respeito à autonomia infantil, em alguns espaços, porém faz-se necessário que esse critério de organização seja garantido em todo o ambiente escolar. As crianças, como sujeitos da pesquisa, atuaram de maneira competente e apontaram que concebem a escola como um lugar, na perspectiva humanística, porém, anseiam por um espaço mais colorido, onde possam brincar, movimentar-se, ser mais livres, onde suas individualidades sejam respeitadas, possam fazer amizades e ter contato com a natureza. Quanto aos profissionais, notamos que não concebem o espaço como elemento curricular e não têm clareza dos conceitos que norteiam o tema. É importante que superem a dicotomia entre os espaços de estudar e os espaços de brincar. Acreditamos que abordar o tema espaço escolar, em cursos de formação continuada, pode qualificar o trabalho dos profissionais.
The research "Conceptions and expectations of children and professionals about the space in Early Childhood Education" is part of the Master’s Postgraduate Program in Education of the Faculty of Science and Technology. The object of the research is the educational space. This study has the general objective of identifying the conceptions and expectations of children and professionals of Early Childhood Education in relation to the school environment in order to analyze the quality of the space organization and identify possible improvements, contradictions and difficulties materialized in everyday school life. The research starts from the premise that although there are theoretical advances with regard to the school environment that can be observed in the official documents and scientific literature, in practice the spatial organization of Early Childhood Education institutions suffers little change. Thus, we question: What are the advances and setbacks materialized in the educational space? What is the education professionals’ conception of the school environment? What is the conception of children about the school environment? We consider the school environment as a curricular element. From this perspective, the theoretical foundation is based on authors from four subject areas: Education, Geography, Architecture and Urbanism, and Environmental Psychology. Among them are: Forneiro (1998), Frago e Escolano (1998), Zabalza (1998), Edwards, Gandini e Forman (1999), Carvalho e Rubiano (2000), Barbosa e Horn (2001, 2008), Meneghini e Campos-de-Carvalho (2003), Horn (2004), Jaume (2004), Barbosa (2006), Kramer (2009), Campos-de-Carvalho (2011), Blanc e Lesann (2012), Oliveira et. al. (2012) e Ceppi e Zini (2013). The research is characterized as a case study in a qualitative approach. The research field was a public institution that works exclusively with Early Childhood Education, located in Presidente Prudente (SP). The subjects of the investigation were eighteen children in a Preschool II class, their respective teacher, educational counselor and the principal of the institution. The data collection procedures with children were on-site observation, the Wish Poem and the visual selection. As to adults, semi-structured interviews, the Wish Poem and visual selection were conducted. The results show that the school environment requires a more sensitive eye with regard to their organization and physical structure. Progress was made in relation to children's autonomy in some areas, but it is necessary that this organization criterion is guaranteed throughout the school environment. Children, as research subjects, acted competently and pointed out that see the school as a place, in a humanistic perspective, but yearn for a more colorful space where they can play, move, be more free, where their individuality are respected, they can make friends and have contact with nature. With regard to the professionals, we noted that they do not conceive space as a curriculum element and that they have no clarity of concepts that guide the subject. It is important that they overcome the dichotomy between the spaces to study and spaces to play. We believe that addressing the school space theme, in continuing education courses, can qualify the work of professionals.
The research "Conceptions and expectations of children and professionals about the space in Early Childhood Education" is part of the Master’s Postgraduate Program in Education of the Faculty of Science and Technology. The object of the research is the educational space. This study has the general objective of identifying the conceptions and expectations of children and professionals of Early Childhood Education in relation to the school environment in order to analyze the quality of the space organization and identify possible improvements, contradictions and difficulties materialized in everyday school life. The research starts from the premise that although there are theoretical advances with regard to the school environment that can be observed in the official documents and scientific literature, in practice the spatial organization of Early Childhood Education institutions suffers little change. Thus, we question: What are the advances and setbacks materialized in the educational space? What is the education professionals’ conception of the school environment? What is the conception of children about the school environment? We consider the school environment as a curricular element. From this perspective, the theoretical foundation is based on authors from four subject areas: Education, Geography, Architecture and Urbanism, and Environmental Psychology. Among them are: Forneiro (1998), Frago e Escolano (1998), Zabalza (1998), Edwards, Gandini e Forman (1999), Carvalho e Rubiano (2000), Barbosa e Horn (2001, 2008), Meneghini e Campos-de-Carvalho (2003), Horn (2004), Jaume (2004), Barbosa (2006), Kramer (2009), Campos-de-Carvalho (2011), Blanc e Lesann (2012), Oliveira et. al. (2012) e Ceppi e Zini (2013). The research is characterized as a case study in a qualitative approach. The research field was a public institution that works exclusively with Early Childhood Education, located in Presidente Prudente (SP). The subjects of the investigation were eighteen children in a Preschool II class, their respective teacher, educational counselor and the principal of the institution. The data collection procedures with children were on-site observation, the Wish Poem and the visual selection. As to adults, semi-structured interviews, the Wish Poem and visual selection were conducted. The results show that the school environment requires a more sensitive eye with regard to their organization and physical structure. Progress was made in relation to children's autonomy in some areas, but it is necessary that this organization criterion is guaranteed throughout the school environment. Children, as research subjects, acted competently and pointed out that see the school as a place, in a humanistic perspective, but yearn for a more colorful space where they can play, move, be more free, where their individuality are respected, they can make friends and have contact with nature. With regard to the professionals, we noted that they do not conceive space as a curriculum element and that they have no clarity of concepts that guide the subject. It is important that they overcome the dichotomy between the spaces to study and spaces to play. We believe that addressing the school space theme, in continuing education courses, can qualify the work of professionals.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação, Educação infantil, Espaço educacional, Organização do espaço escolar, Education, Early childhood education, Education space, School space organization