O narrador de Helena de Machado de Assis: ethos modernizador em matéria literária acanhada
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Data
2016-02-03
Autores
Pedroso, Raquel Cristina Ribeiro [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Qualquer estudioso da obra de Machado de Assis conclui, após um longo exame da fortuna crítica, que notáveis duelos perduraram, na tentativa de se estabelecer a melhor interpretação da obra machadiana. Porém, poucas vezes se observou a iniciativa de explorar a fundo os fatores, as imagens, as situações que conformam os impulsos e emoções humanas detectadas pelo autor para representar o homem em seu tempo. Nesse sentido, nosso trabalho se preocupa com o entendimento da crítica voltada para a valorização de duas vertentes: a composição de um ethos narrativo, e a forma pela qual as emoções humanas são representadas na elaboração de personagens machadianos antes da sistematização da Pscicanálise. Buscamos apoio teórico em interpretações mais recentes, na fortuna crítica e nos estudos de fundo filosófico, sem esquecer o fato de que há uma tradição no tratamento das “máscaras sociais” na ficção de Machado inaugurada por Augusto Meyer e bem desenvolvida por Alfredo Bosi. Revisitamos os moralistas franceses dos séculos XVII e XVIII e os pensadores políticos modernos para a reflexão de que Machado elaborou “moralidades” decorrentes de sua observação social. O autor soube demonstrar configurações subjetivas que por meio de situações de “composição das emoções” são capazes de delimitar o espaço entre o que se diz (ou se mostra de si mesmo) e o que se cala (ou se dissimula). As inovações machadianas são investigadas neste trabalho pela a análise de Helena (1876), e representam um salto sobre o romance romântico, o realista e o naturalista com personagens em situações que colocam em jogo as escolhas dos sujeitos, suas densidades, suas motivações e seus impulsos, evitando a condução das atitudes exclusivamente pelas forças externas.
Any scholar Machado de Assis's work concludes, after a long examination of the critical fortune that notable duels persisted in trying to establish the best interpretation of Machado's work. But seldom noted the initiative to explore deeply the factors, images, situations that make the impulses and human emotions detected by the author to represent the man in his time. In this sense, our work is concerned with understanding of the criticism with appreciation of two parts: the composition of a narrative ethos and the way human that the emotions are represented in the development of Machado characters before the systematization of Psychoanalysis. We seek theoretical support in recent interpretations in literary criticism and philosophical background studies, not to mention the fact that there is a tradition in the treatment of "social masks" in Machado's fiction inaugurated by Augusto Meyer and well developed by Alfredo Bosi. We revisit the French moralists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the modern political thinkers to reflect that Machado produced "moralities" arising from social observation. The author was able to demonstrate subjective configurations that through situations of "composition of emotions" are capable to define the space between what is said (or shown himself) and what is silent (or dissimulates). The Machadian innovations are investigated in this work by Helena analysis (1876), and represent a jump on the romantic romance, the realist and naturalist with characters in situations that bring into play the choices of individuals, their density, their motivations and their impulses, avoiding driving attitudes solely by external forces.
Any scholar Machado de Assis's work concludes, after a long examination of the critical fortune that notable duels persisted in trying to establish the best interpretation of Machado's work. But seldom noted the initiative to explore deeply the factors, images, situations that make the impulses and human emotions detected by the author to represent the man in his time. In this sense, our work is concerned with understanding of the criticism with appreciation of two parts: the composition of a narrative ethos and the way human that the emotions are represented in the development of Machado characters before the systematization of Psychoanalysis. We seek theoretical support in recent interpretations in literary criticism and philosophical background studies, not to mention the fact that there is a tradition in the treatment of "social masks" in Machado's fiction inaugurated by Augusto Meyer and well developed by Alfredo Bosi. We revisit the French moralists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the modern political thinkers to reflect that Machado produced "moralities" arising from social observation. The author was able to demonstrate subjective configurations that through situations of "composition of emotions" are capable to define the space between what is said (or shown himself) and what is silent (or dissimulates). The Machadian innovations are investigated in this work by Helena analysis (1876), and represent a jump on the romantic romance, the realist and naturalist with characters in situations that bring into play the choices of individuals, their density, their motivations and their impulses, avoiding driving attitudes solely by external forces.
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Machado de Assis 1839-1908, Literatura brasileira – crítica e interpretação, Ethos, Individualismo na literatura, Emoções na literatura, Brazilian literature - criticism and interpretation, Individualism in literature, Emotions in literature