Reguladores vegetais e nutrientes minerais no metabolismo de plantas de tomateiro
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Data
2016-01-12
Autores
Sousa, Marília Caixeta [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de reguladores vegetais composto de mistura de auxina (Ax), citocinina (CK) e giberelina (GA), mistura de micronutrientes (cobalto (Co) + molibdênio (Mo)) e mistura de macro e micronutrientes ( nitrogênio (N) + boro (B) + cobre (Cu) + molibdênio (Mo) + zinco (Zn)), de forma isolada e combinada, em tomateiro híbrido (Predador F1), em condições de ambiente protegido e campo, buscando analisar seus efeitos no metabolismo e desenvolvimento da planta, bem como na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos em ambiente protegido: T1- testemunha; T2- 0,5 L ha-1 de reguladores vegetais; T3- 3 L ha-1 de macro e micronutrientes; T4- 1 L ha-1 de micronutrientes; T5- 0,5 L ha-1 de reguladores vegetais + 3 L ha-1 de macro e micronutrientes; T6- 0,5 L ha-1 reguladores vegetais + 1 L ha-1 de micronutrientes; T7- 0,5 L ha-1 de reguladores vegetais + 3 L ha-1 macro e micronutrientes + 1 L ha-1 de micronutrientes. No experimento em campo aberto foram utilizados 13 tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos: T1- testemunha; T2- 0,5 L ha-1 de reguladores vegetais; T3- 3 L ha-1 de macro e micronutrientes; T4- 1 L ha-1 de micronutrientes; T5- 0,5 L ha-1 de reguladores vegetais + 3 L ha-1 de macro e micronutrientes; T6- 0,5 L ha-1 reguladores vegetais + 1 L ha-1 de micronutrientes; T7- 0,5 L ha-1 de reguladores vegetais + 3 L ha-1 macro e micronutrientes + 1 L ha-1 de micronutrientes; T8 - 0,75 L ha-1 reguladores vegetais; T9- 0,1 L ha-1 reguladores vegetais; T10- 2 L ha-1 de macro e micronutrientes; T11- 4 L ha-1 de macro e micronutrientes; T12- 0,5 L ha-1 de micronutrientes; T13- 1,5 L ha-1 de micronutrientes. Foram realizadas cinco aplicações a cada 20 dias, a partir de 20 dias após o transplante (DAT). As coletas de folha foram realizadas aos 50, 70 e 90 DAT, avaliando a peroxidação de lipídios (MDA) e a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) e nitrato redutase (NR). Foram realizadas, ainda, avaliações de altura de planta, índice SPAD, produtividade e pós-colheita dos frutos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. No experimento em ambiente protegido, observou-se que a aplicação de reguladores vegetais de forma isolada e micronutrientes de forma isolada agiram como protetores contra o estresse, pois apresentaram maiores atividades de enzimas antioxidantes no fim do ciclo, conseguindo manter baixo nível de peroxidação de lipídios. Os tratamentos com micronutrientes de forma isolada ou combinada com reguladores vegetais, apresentaram durante o ciclo, maior atividade da enzima NR. De forma geral, esses tratamentos também apresentaram maiores médias de produtividade. Todos os tratamentos utilizados no presente trabalho, incrementaram significativamente o teor de ácido ascórbico nos frutos de tomate, quando comparados com a testemunha. Pelos dados obtidos conclui-se que, no experimento em ambiente protegido, a aplicação dos tratamentos, em especial, a aplicação de reguladores vegetais, diminuiu os níveis de estresse até o final do ciclo. A aplicação de micronutrientes, de forma isolada ou combinada com reguladores vegetais, melhorou a produtividade do tomateiro e a qualidade dos frutos produzidos. Para o experimento em campo, a aplicação dos tratamentos ocasionou acréscimo, com relação à testemunha, aos valores médios para a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of plant growth regulator compound mixing auxin (Ax), cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA), micronutrients (cobalt (Co) + molybdenum (Mo) and macro and micronutrients consisting of mixture of nitrogen (N), boron (B), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), isolated and combined basis in hybrid tomato Predador F1 in greenhouse conditions and field, trying to analyze their effects on metabolism and plant development and productivity and fruit quality. The experimental design was a randomized block. In greenhouse were used seven treatments with four replications. Treatments were: T1 - control; T2 – 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators; T3 - 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T4 - 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T5 – 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T6- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T7- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients + 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients. In the open field experiment were used 13 treatments and four repetitions. Treatments were: T1 - witness; T2 – 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators; T3 - 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T4 - 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T5- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T6- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T7- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients + 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T8 – 0,75 L ha-1 plant growth regulators; T9- 0,1 L ha-1 plant growth regulators; T10 2 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T11- 4 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T12- 0,5 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T13- 1,5 L ha-1 of micronutrients. Five applications were made every 20 days, from 20 days after transplanting (DAT). The leaf samples were taken at 50, 70 and 90 DAT, evaluating the lipid peroxidation (LP) and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and nitrate reductase (NR). Yet they have been evaluated for plant height, SPAD index, productivity and post-harvest fruit. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. In the experiment in greenhouse it was observed that the application of plant growth regulators in isolation and micronutrients in isolation acted as protectors against stress because it had higher activities of antioxidant enzymes in the cycle, managing to maintain low levels of lipid peroxidation. The treatments with micronutrients in isolation or in combination with plant growth regulators, presented during the cycle, increased activity of the enzyme NR. Generally, these treatments also had higher average productivity. All treatments used in this study, significantly increased ascorbic acid content in fruits of tomato compared to the control. Although there is no statistical difference in productivity were observed higher means for all treatments compared to the control. Based on the results it is concluded that, in the experiment in greenhouse treatment application, in particular the application of plant growth regulators, managed to reduce the stress levels by the end of the cycle. The application of micronutrients, either alone or in combination with plant growth regulators, improved productivity and quality of tomato fruit produced. For the experiment in the field, even with no statistical difference for some features, the application of treatments led to increase in relation to the witness, the average values of the parameters evaluated.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of plant growth regulator compound mixing auxin (Ax), cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA), micronutrients (cobalt (Co) + molybdenum (Mo) and macro and micronutrients consisting of mixture of nitrogen (N), boron (B), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), isolated and combined basis in hybrid tomato Predador F1 in greenhouse conditions and field, trying to analyze their effects on metabolism and plant development and productivity and fruit quality. The experimental design was a randomized block. In greenhouse were used seven treatments with four replications. Treatments were: T1 - control; T2 – 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators; T3 - 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T4 - 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T5 – 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T6- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T7- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients + 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients. In the open field experiment were used 13 treatments and four repetitions. Treatments were: T1 - witness; T2 – 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators; T3 - 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T4 - 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T5- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T6- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T7- 0,5 L ha-1 plant growth regulators + 3 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients + 1 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T8 – 0,75 L ha-1 plant growth regulators; T9- 0,1 L ha-1 plant growth regulators; T10 2 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T11- 4 L ha-1 macro and micronutrients; T12- 0,5 L ha-1 of micronutrients; T13- 1,5 L ha-1 of micronutrients. Five applications were made every 20 days, from 20 days after transplanting (DAT). The leaf samples were taken at 50, 70 and 90 DAT, evaluating the lipid peroxidation (LP) and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and nitrate reductase (NR). Yet they have been evaluated for plant height, SPAD index, productivity and post-harvest fruit. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. In the experiment in greenhouse it was observed that the application of plant growth regulators in isolation and micronutrients in isolation acted as protectors against stress because it had higher activities of antioxidant enzymes in the cycle, managing to maintain low levels of lipid peroxidation. The treatments with micronutrients in isolation or in combination with plant growth regulators, presented during the cycle, increased activity of the enzyme NR. Generally, these treatments also had higher average productivity. All treatments used in this study, significantly increased ascorbic acid content in fruits of tomato compared to the control. Although there is no statistical difference in productivity were observed higher means for all treatments compared to the control. Based on the results it is concluded that, in the experiment in greenhouse treatment application, in particular the application of plant growth regulators, managed to reduce the stress levels by the end of the cycle. The application of micronutrients, either alone or in combination with plant growth regulators, improved productivity and quality of tomato fruit produced. For the experiment in the field, even with no statistical difference for some features, the application of treatments led to increase in relation to the witness, the average values of the parameters evaluated.
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Palavras-chave
Solanum lycopersicum L., Enzimas antioxidantes, Produtividade, Qualidade pós-colheita, Antioxidant enzymes, Productivity, Postharvest quality