Estudo ultraestrutural da espermatogênese de Chinavia impicticornis, Edessa meditabunda, E. collaris e Thyanta perditor (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
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Data
2016-02-25
Autores
Silva Junior, Fernando Cesar [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Heteroptera é uma Subordem da Ordem Hemiptera, que possui cerca de 40 mil espécies distribuídas em oitenta famílias, dentre elas está a família Pentatomidae que se destaca por ser uma das maiores famílias com cerca de 4.100 espécies, representando, aproximadamente, 11% do total de espécies de Heteroptera. As espécies de Pentatomidae Chinavia impicticornis, Edessa meditabunda, E. collaris e Thyanta perditor foram estudadas nesse trabalho devido ao sua importância econômica, tendo em vista que são espécies fitófagas que causam grandes perdas em diversas culturas. Os machos das espécies foram coletados na região de São José do Rio Preto, os testículos foram fixados e posteriormente processados para analise em microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, os blocos obtidos foram trimados, cortados, contrastados e analisados com microscópio eletrônico de transmissão Leo – Zeiss, do Centro de Microscopia e Microanálise (IBILCE-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP) e com o microscópio eletrônico de transmissão Jeol JEM - 100 CXII da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP). As eletromicrografias das espécies estudadas apresentaram características ultraestruturais semelhantes às encontradas para diversos indivíduos de diferentes ordens, dentre essas características estão a formação do acrossomo, a partir de uma grande vesícula secretada pelo complexo de Golgi e que se localiza na região apical/lateral do núcleo. O núcleo, também, sofre transformações semelhantes às relatadas para grande parte dos insetos passando de um estado grande e esférico com a cromatina dispersa para um estado pequeno e fusiforme e com a cromatina extremamente condensada. Outra estrutura observada foi o adjunto do centríolo que se mostrou uma estrutura eletrondensa na região basal do núcleo. Também foi observada a migração das mitocôndrias para um polo celular e sua posterior fusão formando o complexo mitocondrial ou “Nebenkern”, que, posteriormente, se divide formando os dois derivados mitocondriais simétricos, com a presença de estruturas paracristalinas em seu interior. O padrão de microtúbulos encontrado no axonema, para todas as espécies, foi de 9+9+2, típico de insetos, sendo formado entre os derivados mitocondriais e acompanhado por estes ao longo de quase toda sua extensão. Morfologicamente, os derivados mitocondriais são diferentes entre C. impicticornis, E. meditabunda, E. collaris e T. perditor onde foi possível notar que os derivados de C. impicticornis se apresentaram grandes e arredondados, E. meditabunda pequenos e arredondados, E. collaris alongados e com extremidades arredondadas e T. perditor pequenos com uma extremidade arredondada e a outra angular podendo estas diferenças morfológicas serem características interessantes para futuros estudos filogenéticos ou sistemáticos para o grupo. Portanto, podemos concluir que a maioria das características analisadas é semelhante entre os insetos, com exceção da morfologia dos derivados mitocondriais que são diferentes, até mesmo, entre as espécies da família Pentatomidae.
Heteroptera is a suborder of the Hemiptera order, which has approximately 40,000 species distributed in eighty families, among them is the Pentatomidae family that stands out for being one of the largest families with approximately 4,100, representing approximately 11% of the total species of Heteroptera. The species of Pentatomidae Chinavia impicticornis, Edessa meditabunda, E. collaris and Thyanta perditor were studied in this work because of their economic importance, given that they are phytophagous species that cause great losses in several crops. Males of the species were collected in the region of São José do Rio Preto, the testes were fixed and then processed for analysis by transmission electron microscopy, the obtained blocks were trimmed, cut, contrasted and analyzed with transmission electron microscope Leo - Zeiss, of the Centro de Microscopia e Microanálise (IBILCE-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP) and the transmission electron microscope Jeol JEM - 100 CXII of Faculdade de Medicina of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP). The species have similar ultrastructural characteristics to those found in many individuals of different orders, among these features is the acrosome formation from a large vesicle secreted by Golgi apparatus and located in the apical/lateral area of the nucleus. The nucleus also undergoes changes similar to those reported for most insects, passing of a great and spherical state with chromatin dispersed to a small and fusiform state and highly condensed chromatin. Another structure was observed the centriolar adjunct that showed electrodense structure in the basal region of the nucleus. We also observe the migration of mitochondria for the cell and its subsequent fusion was observed forming the mitochondrial complex or “Nebenkern”, which later splits to form two symmetrical mitochondrial derivatives, with the presence of paracrystalline structures inside. The pattern of microtubules found on the axonema, for all species was 9+9+2, typical of insects, being formed between the mitochondrial derivatives and accompanied by such over almost its entire length. Morphologically, the mitochondrial derivatives are different between C. impicticornis, E. meditabunda, E. collaris and T. perditor where it was possible to note that C. impicticornis derivatives showed large and rounded, E. meditabunda small and rounded, E. collaris elongated and rounded ends and T. perditor smaller with one rounded end and the other angled being able these morphological differences are interesting features for future phylogenetic or systematic studies for the group. Therefore, we can conclude that the analyzed characteristics are most similar among the insects, with the exception of the morphology of the mitochondrial derivatives which are different even among the species of the Pentatomidae family.
Heteroptera is a suborder of the Hemiptera order, which has approximately 40,000 species distributed in eighty families, among them is the Pentatomidae family that stands out for being one of the largest families with approximately 4,100, representing approximately 11% of the total species of Heteroptera. The species of Pentatomidae Chinavia impicticornis, Edessa meditabunda, E. collaris and Thyanta perditor were studied in this work because of their economic importance, given that they are phytophagous species that cause great losses in several crops. Males of the species were collected in the region of São José do Rio Preto, the testes were fixed and then processed for analysis by transmission electron microscopy, the obtained blocks were trimmed, cut, contrasted and analyzed with transmission electron microscope Leo - Zeiss, of the Centro de Microscopia e Microanálise (IBILCE-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP) and the transmission electron microscope Jeol JEM - 100 CXII of Faculdade de Medicina of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP). The species have similar ultrastructural characteristics to those found in many individuals of different orders, among these features is the acrosome formation from a large vesicle secreted by Golgi apparatus and located in the apical/lateral area of the nucleus. The nucleus also undergoes changes similar to those reported for most insects, passing of a great and spherical state with chromatin dispersed to a small and fusiform state and highly condensed chromatin. Another structure was observed the centriolar adjunct that showed electrodense structure in the basal region of the nucleus. We also observe the migration of mitochondria for the cell and its subsequent fusion was observed forming the mitochondrial complex or “Nebenkern”, which later splits to form two symmetrical mitochondrial derivatives, with the presence of paracrystalline structures inside. The pattern of microtubules found on the axonema, for all species was 9+9+2, typical of insects, being formed between the mitochondrial derivatives and accompanied by such over almost its entire length. Morphologically, the mitochondrial derivatives are different between C. impicticornis, E. meditabunda, E. collaris and T. perditor where it was possible to note that C. impicticornis derivatives showed large and rounded, E. meditabunda small and rounded, E. collaris elongated and rounded ends and T. perditor smaller with one rounded end and the other angled being able these morphological differences are interesting features for future phylogenetic or systematic studies for the group. Therefore, we can conclude that the analyzed characteristics are most similar among the insects, with the exception of the morphology of the mitochondrial derivatives which are different even among the species of the Pentatomidae family.
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Palavras-chave
Heteroptera, Ultraestrutura, Acrossomo, Cromatina, Derivados Mitocondriais, Axonema, Heteroptera, Ultrastructure, Acrossome, Chromatin, Mitochondrial, Derivatives, Axoneme