Paraguai 2012: o papel do Brasil e a ação da Unasul
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Data
2016-02-19
Autores
Soares, Arthur Felipe Murta Rocha [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dois eixos estratégicos importantes vêm pautando a política externa brasileira recente: o eixo global, enfatizado no multilateralismo e nos novos arranjos mundiais, que almeja para o país a posição de potência emergente; e o eixo regional, voltado para a América do Sul, que visa aumentar sua projeção e presença ante seus vizinhos. No que concerne ao plano regional, verifica-se uma crescente participação institucional brasileira na mediação de crises, como no Paraguai (2012). Ressalta-se que a articulação brasileira em tal evento ocorreu por meio da União de Nações Sul-Americanas (Unasul), expandindo e reforçando a cooperação regional. Assim, a atuação do Brasil no gerenciamento de crises recentes foi o elemento motivador para o estudo e a análise da forma como se organiza a presença do país no contexto sul-americano atualmente. A partir do redescobrimento do espaço regional, com o marco de criação da Unasul em 2008, este trabalho objetiva verificar como a crise política paraguaia de 2012, que levou o então presidente Fernando Lugo à deposição, repercutiu na região, sinalizando o modus operandi da Unasul na gestão de crises, bem como qual foi o papel do Brasil no desenrolar dos fatos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com investigação exploratória, de fundamentação bibliográfica e documental, apoiada na leitura de periódicos regionais e, em menor medida, de fora da região, relativos à ação da Unasul e às posturas brasileiras durante as crises ocorridas no período 2008-2012, com ênfase na crise do Paraguai. Acredita-se que a Unasul vem se constituindo como instituição regional detentora da primazia na resolução de crises. Ademais, as reações brasileiras frente aos recentes processos de instabilidade política regional podem ser vistas como uma nova compreensão acerca da articulação do Brasil na América do Sul, que ocorre sempre nos fóruns multilaterais, evitando assim possíveis desgastes diplomáticos nas relações bilaterais.
Two important strategic pillars have guided Brazil’s recent foreign policy: the global axis, with an emphasis in the multilateralism and the new global arrangements, which aspires an emerging power position for the country; and the regional axis, facing South America, aimed at increasing its projection and presence among their neighbors. Regarding the regional level, a growing Brazilian institutional participation in mediating crises can be found as in the Paraguay case (2012). It is noteworthy that the Brazilian coordination in such an event happened through the Union of South American Nations (Unasur), expanding regional cooperation. Thus, Brazil's performance in the recent crisis management was the motivating factor for the study and analysis of how it organizes the country's presence in the South American context nowadays. From the rediscovery of regional space, with the landmark creation of Unasur in 2008, this study aims to verify how the 2012’s Paraguayan political crisis, which led to then-President Fernando Lugo’s deposition, reflected in the region, signaling the modus operandi of Unasur in managing crisis, and to analyze what was Brazil's role during these events. It is a qualitative research, with exploratory investigation, bibliographic and documental foundation, based on the reading of regional newspapers and, to a lesser extent, from outside the region, relative to the action of Unasur and the Brazilian postures through the crises during the period 2008-2012, with an emphasis in the Paraguayan crisis. It is believed that Unasur is becoming a regional institution that holds the primacy in resolving crises. In addition, Brazilian forward reactions to recent regional political instability processes can be seen as a new understanding of Brazil's coordination in South America, which always occurs in multilateral forums, avoiding possible diplomatic wear in bilateral relations.
Two important strategic pillars have guided Brazil’s recent foreign policy: the global axis, with an emphasis in the multilateralism and the new global arrangements, which aspires an emerging power position for the country; and the regional axis, facing South America, aimed at increasing its projection and presence among their neighbors. Regarding the regional level, a growing Brazilian institutional participation in mediating crises can be found as in the Paraguay case (2012). It is noteworthy that the Brazilian coordination in such an event happened through the Union of South American Nations (Unasur), expanding regional cooperation. Thus, Brazil's performance in the recent crisis management was the motivating factor for the study and analysis of how it organizes the country's presence in the South American context nowadays. From the rediscovery of regional space, with the landmark creation of Unasur in 2008, this study aims to verify how the 2012’s Paraguayan political crisis, which led to then-President Fernando Lugo’s deposition, reflected in the region, signaling the modus operandi of Unasur in managing crisis, and to analyze what was Brazil's role during these events. It is a qualitative research, with exploratory investigation, bibliographic and documental foundation, based on the reading of regional newspapers and, to a lesser extent, from outside the region, relative to the action of Unasur and the Brazilian postures through the crises during the period 2008-2012, with an emphasis in the Paraguayan crisis. It is believed that Unasur is becoming a regional institution that holds the primacy in resolving crises. In addition, Brazilian forward reactions to recent regional political instability processes can be seen as a new understanding of Brazil's coordination in South America, which always occurs in multilateral forums, avoiding possible diplomatic wear in bilateral relations.
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Palavras-chave
União de Nações Sul-Americanas, Union of South American Nations, Paraguai – relações exteriores – Brasil, Paraguai – política e governo – séc. XXI, Paraguai – presidente (2008- : Lugo), Paraguai – relações exteriores – séc. XXI, América do Sul – relações exteriores, Política externa brasileira, Paraguay – foreign relations – Brazil, Paraguay – politics and government – 21st century, Paraguay – president (2008- : Lugo), South America – foreign relations, Brazilian foreign policy, Paraguay – foreign relations – 21st century