Anatomo-histopatologia de fígados bovinos: relação entre as lesões e os sistemas de produção
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Data
2016-01-20
Autores
Almeida, Ana Carolina Ortegal [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A inspeção da carcaça e órgãos nos abatedouros objetiva limitar o aproveitamento de produtos impróprios para consumo humano, protegendo a população contra doenças transmitidas pelos alimentos. O fígado é uma víscera nutritiva e bem aceita pelos consumidores, mas suas funções metabólicas o tornam susceptível a diversas lesões, fazendo com que seja condenado frequentemente na rotina de inspeção. Este estudo analisou fígados bovinos e relacionou as lesões macro e microscópicas com os sistemas de produção dos animais abatidos (sistemas intensivo, semi-intensivo e extensivo). Avaliou também a presença de lesão microscópica em fígados sem lesão macroscópica. Foram coletadas 450 amostras de fígado bovino dos diferentes sistemas de produção, as quais foram processadas para exame histológico. As alterações macroscópicas observadas nos fígados bovinos foram: fibrose capsular (32%), aderências/peri-hepatite (25,8%), teleangiectasia (24,4%), manchas pálidas ou amareladas (20,9%), hemorragia subcapsular (7,1%), abscessos (5,3%), granulomas (3,5%), congestão (1,8%) e cistos (0,9%). Os achados microscópicos foram: infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear (66,4%), macrófagos espumosos (40,9%), tumefação hepatocelular (30%), tumefação hepatocelular centrolobular (22,7%), fibrose capsular (26,4%), degeneração gordurosa (15,1%), peri-hepatite (13,8%), necrose (13,5%), teleangiectasia (12,2%), abscessos (2,9%), granulomas (1,8%), congestão (16%), hemorragia subcapsular (4,6%), infiltrado inflamatório polimorfonuclear (2,5%), infiltrado inflamatório misto (8,7%), hiperplasia ductal (4,9%) e cistos (0,9%). As lesões que apresentaram relação com os sistemas de produção (P<0,05) foram: infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear, macrófagos espumosos e tumefação hepatocelular. Os fígados de bovinos criados em sistema intensivo apresentaram mais lesões macroscópicas e os fígados de bovinos criados em sistema extensivo apresentaram mais lesões microscópicas. Somente 19,5% dos fígados sem lesão macroscópica não apresentaram nenhum tipo de lesão microscópica. Conclui-se que o sistema de produção pode influenciar na ocorrência de algumas lesões hepáticas e que fígados sem lesão macroscópica, liberados para consumo humano, podem apresentar várias lesões microscópicas importantes.
The inspection of cattle carcasses and organs at slaughterhouses aims at limiting the use of products with abnormalities that makes them improper for human consumption, thereby protecting the public from food-borne diseases. The liver is a nutritious viscera and it is well accepted by consumers. However, its metabolic functions make it susceptible to various injuries, which often condemn it during inspections routine. This study evaluated bovine livers and linked the macro and microscopic lesions found to the beef cattle production systems (intensive, semi intensive and extensive). Also evaluated the presence of microscopic lesions on livers without macroscopic findings. Some 450 samples of beef liver were collected from various production systems and were processed for histological examination. Macroscopic changes observed on the samples were: capsular fibrosis (32%), adhesions/perihepatitis (25.8%), telangiectasia (24.4%), pale or yellowish spots (20.9%), subcapsular hemorrhage (7.1%), abscesses (5.3%), granulomas (3.5%), congestion (1.8%) and cysts (0.9%). Microscopic findings were mononuclear cell infiltration (66.4%), foamy macrophages (40.9%), hepatocellular swelling (30%), centrilobular swelling (22.7%), capsular fibrosis (26.4%), fatty degeneration (15.1%), perihepatitis (13.8%), necrosis (13.5%), telangiectasia (12.2%), abscesses (2.9%), granulomas (1.8%) congestion (16%), subcapsular hemorrhage (4.6%), polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrate (2.5%), mixed inflammatory infiltrate (8.7%), ductal hyperplasia (4.9%) and cysts (0.9%). Those injuries related to production systems (P<0.05) were: mononuclear cell infiltration, foamy macrophages and cellular swelling. The livers of bovines raised in extensive system present more macroscopic lesions and the livers of bovines raised in intensive system present more microscopic lesions. Only 19.5% of livers without macroscopic findings did not show histopathological lesions. This study concludes that beef cattle production systems can influence the occurrence of some liver lesions and that liver without macroscopic findings, released for human consumption may have several important microscopic lesions.
The inspection of cattle carcasses and organs at slaughterhouses aims at limiting the use of products with abnormalities that makes them improper for human consumption, thereby protecting the public from food-borne diseases. The liver is a nutritious viscera and it is well accepted by consumers. However, its metabolic functions make it susceptible to various injuries, which often condemn it during inspections routine. This study evaluated bovine livers and linked the macro and microscopic lesions found to the beef cattle production systems (intensive, semi intensive and extensive). Also evaluated the presence of microscopic lesions on livers without macroscopic findings. Some 450 samples of beef liver were collected from various production systems and were processed for histological examination. Macroscopic changes observed on the samples were: capsular fibrosis (32%), adhesions/perihepatitis (25.8%), telangiectasia (24.4%), pale or yellowish spots (20.9%), subcapsular hemorrhage (7.1%), abscesses (5.3%), granulomas (3.5%), congestion (1.8%) and cysts (0.9%). Microscopic findings were mononuclear cell infiltration (66.4%), foamy macrophages (40.9%), hepatocellular swelling (30%), centrilobular swelling (22.7%), capsular fibrosis (26.4%), fatty degeneration (15.1%), perihepatitis (13.8%), necrosis (13.5%), telangiectasia (12.2%), abscesses (2.9%), granulomas (1.8%) congestion (16%), subcapsular hemorrhage (4.6%), polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrate (2.5%), mixed inflammatory infiltrate (8.7%), ductal hyperplasia (4.9%) and cysts (0.9%). Those injuries related to production systems (P<0.05) were: mononuclear cell infiltration, foamy macrophages and cellular swelling. The livers of bovines raised in extensive system present more macroscopic lesions and the livers of bovines raised in intensive system present more microscopic lesions. Only 19.5% of livers without macroscopic findings did not show histopathological lesions. This study concludes that beef cattle production systems can influence the occurrence of some liver lesions and that liver without macroscopic findings, released for human consumption may have several important microscopic lesions.
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Palavras-chave
Bovinocultura de corte, Infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear, Lesões hepáticas, Macrófagos espumosos, Serviço de inspeção, Beef cattle, Foamy macrophages, Inspection service, Hepatic lesions, Mononuclear cell infiltration