Habitação social em centros urbanos consolidados: análise dialógica desde o percurso do projeto ao uso social: São Paulo (Brasil) e Roma (Itália)
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Data
2016-02-22
Autores
Martins, Juliana Cavalini [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os centros urbanos consolidados das metrópoles, em geral, abrigam edificações carregadas de símbolos e significados que configuram a memória coletiva e a identidade dos cidadãos, além de expressarem organizações sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais. Estes centros urbanos abrigam uma crescente concentração de comércios, serviços e finanças, infraestrutura consolidada e garantia de acesso ao transporte coletivo, em detrimento da função residencial e/ou precariedade habitacional, além de contar com a presença de inúmeros imóveis vazios e/ou subutilizados, os quais têm sido alvo de programas e projetos de intervenção pública nas últimas décadas. O método dialógico tem levado a compreensão e avaliação da arquitetura numa relação cronotópica do texto (objeto de estudo) com seu contexto, nas dimensões tempo-espaço ricoeuriana e articuladas com as três dimensões dialógicas da vida humana (estética, ética e ciência). A Prefeitura de São Paulo (Brasil), nas gestões 2001 a 2004 e 2005 a 2008, através do Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR) reabilitou alguns edifícios na ambiência do centro histórico para habitação de interesse social (HIS) e, dentre esses, está o Edifício Maria Paula. Em Roma (Itália), a Prefeitura, desde 2000, através do Programmi di Recupero Urbano (PRU) requalificou áreas degradadas e reabilitou edifícios para habitação social e, dentre esses, está o Conjunto Residencial San Basilio. Diante dos fatos aludidos, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar os programas e projetos públicos de habitação social em centros urbanos consolidados: Programa de Arrendamento Residencial em São Paulo, Brasil e o Programmi di Recupero Urbano em Roma, Itália, através dos estudos de caso: Edifício Maria Paula e Conjunto Residencial San Basilio, respectivamente. Metodologia: compreende cinco etapas. A primeira, a abordagem teórica sobre a ambiência do centro histórico e o centro urbano consolidado, arquitetura, habitação, texto, contexto e dialogia. A segunda, o método arquitetura dialógica, com base na fundamentação teórica e filosófica de Bakhtin, Ricoeur e Muntañola, que se inicia pela compreensão do texto arquitetônico, a construção original (configuração), a degradação física do edifício, o projeto de reabilitação (reprefiguração), a construção reabilitada (reconfiguração) e o uso social da habitação (re-refiguração). A terceira, o Programmi di Recupero Urbano (PRU): Conjunto Residencial San Basilio, em Roma - Itália. A quarta, o Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR): Edifício Maria Paula, em São Paulo - Brasil. A quinta, a análise comparativa do PAR: Edifício Maria Paula, em São Paulo e o PRU: Conjunto Residencial San Basilio, em Roma. Resultados: contribuir com estudos sobre habitação social em centros urbanos consolidados; contribuir com estudos sobre arquitetura dialógica e subsidiar, através deste estudo, programas e projetos públicos de habitação social no Brasil.
The consolidated urban centers of the metropolis areas, in general, house loaded buildings symbols and meanings that shape the collective memory and identity of citizens, in addition to express social, economic, political and cultural organizations. These urban centers are home to a growing concentration of trade, services and finance, consolidated infrastructure and ensuring access to public transport, to the detriment of the residential function and / or housing precariousness, in addition to the presence of numerous voids and / or underutilized properties, which have been the target of programs and public intervention projects in recent decades. The dialogical method has led to the understanding and evaluation of architecture in a chronotopic relation text (object of study) with its context, the Ricoeur’s dimensions space-time and articulated with the three dialogical dimensions of human life (esthetics, ethics and science). The City of São Paulo (Brazil), on the managements of 2001-2004 and 2005-2008, through the Residential Leasing Program (PAR), rehabilitated some buildings in the ambience of the historic center for social housing (HIS) and, among these, is Maria Paula building. Rome (Italy), the City since 2000 through Programmi di Recupero Urbano (PRU) reclassified degraded areas and rehabilitated buildings for social housing and, among these, is the Residential San Basilio. Faced with the facts alluded, this research aims to evaluate the programs and public projects of social housing in urban consolidated centers: Residential Leasing Program in São Paulo, Brazil and Programmi di Recupero Urbano in Rome, Italy, through the case studies: Maria Paula building and Residential San Basilio, respectively. Methodology: comprises five stages. The first, theoretical approach to the ambience of the historic center and the consolidated urban center, architecture, housing, text, context and dialogy. The second, the dialogic architecture method, based on philosophical and theoretical background of Bakhtin, Ricoeur and Muntañola which starts by understanding the architectural text, the original construction (setting), the physical deterioration of the building, the rehabilitation project (reprefiguration), the rehabilitated building (reconfiguration) and the social use of the dwelling (re-refiguration). The third, the Programmi di Recupero Urbano (PRU): The building San Basilio in Rome - Italy. The fourth, the Residential Leasing Program (PAR): Building Maria Paula in São Paulo - Brazil. The fifth, comparative analysis of the PAR: Building Maria Paula in São Paulo and the PRU: Building San Basilio, in Rome. Results: contribute to studies on social housing in consolidated urban centers; contribute to studies on dialogic architecture and subsidize, through this study, public programs and projects of social housing in Brazil.
The consolidated urban centers of the metropolis areas, in general, house loaded buildings symbols and meanings that shape the collective memory and identity of citizens, in addition to express social, economic, political and cultural organizations. These urban centers are home to a growing concentration of trade, services and finance, consolidated infrastructure and ensuring access to public transport, to the detriment of the residential function and / or housing precariousness, in addition to the presence of numerous voids and / or underutilized properties, which have been the target of programs and public intervention projects in recent decades. The dialogical method has led to the understanding and evaluation of architecture in a chronotopic relation text (object of study) with its context, the Ricoeur’s dimensions space-time and articulated with the three dialogical dimensions of human life (esthetics, ethics and science). The City of São Paulo (Brazil), on the managements of 2001-2004 and 2005-2008, through the Residential Leasing Program (PAR), rehabilitated some buildings in the ambience of the historic center for social housing (HIS) and, among these, is Maria Paula building. Rome (Italy), the City since 2000 through Programmi di Recupero Urbano (PRU) reclassified degraded areas and rehabilitated buildings for social housing and, among these, is the Residential San Basilio. Faced with the facts alluded, this research aims to evaluate the programs and public projects of social housing in urban consolidated centers: Residential Leasing Program in São Paulo, Brazil and Programmi di Recupero Urbano in Rome, Italy, through the case studies: Maria Paula building and Residential San Basilio, respectively. Methodology: comprises five stages. The first, theoretical approach to the ambience of the historic center and the consolidated urban center, architecture, housing, text, context and dialogy. The second, the dialogic architecture method, based on philosophical and theoretical background of Bakhtin, Ricoeur and Muntañola which starts by understanding the architectural text, the original construction (setting), the physical deterioration of the building, the rehabilitation project (reprefiguration), the rehabilitated building (reconfiguration) and the social use of the dwelling (re-refiguration). The third, the Programmi di Recupero Urbano (PRU): The building San Basilio in Rome - Italy. The fourth, the Residential Leasing Program (PAR): Building Maria Paula in São Paulo - Brazil. The fifth, comparative analysis of the PAR: Building Maria Paula in São Paulo and the PRU: Building San Basilio, in Rome. Results: contribute to studies on social housing in consolidated urban centers; contribute to studies on dialogic architecture and subsidize, through this study, public programs and projects of social housing in Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
Arquitetura dialógica, Habitação de interesse social, Reabilitação de edifícios, Centro urbano consolidado, Dialogic architecture, Social housing, Rehabilitation of buildings, Consolidated urban center