Análise molecular do subcomplexo Brasiliensis (Hemiptera, Triatominae)
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Data
2016-03-01
Autores
Guerra, Ana Letícia [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os triatomíneos pertencem à ordem Heteroptera, família Reduviidae e subfamília Triatominae. Atualmente, são admitidas 150 espécies, agrupadas em seis tribos e 18 gêneros. O subcomplexo Brasiliensis foi proposto, inicialmente por Lucena, em, 1970, contendo nove espécies, a saber: Triatoma brasiliensis; T. juazeirensis; T. melânica; T melanocephala; T. petrochiae; T. lenti; T. sherlocki; T. tibiamaculata e T. vitticeps. A partir de dados citotaxonômicos, foi proposta a exclusão das espécies T. melanocephala, T. vitticeps e T. tibiamaculata por apresentarem fragmentação do cromossomo sexual X e, com isso, serem proximamente relacionados aos triatomíneos da América do Norte. Com base em dados moleculares, foi sugerido, portanto, que esse subcomplexo compreende as seguintes espécies: T. brasiliensis, T. juazeirensis, T. melanica, T. sherlocki e a subespécie T. b. macromelasoma. No entanto, os estudos não incluíram T. lenti e T. petrochiae. Com base em análises citogenéticas, foi proposto que T. lenti seja um membro do subcomplexo Brasiliensis. Visando esclarecer as dúvidas relacionadas à posição das espécies T. lenti e T. petrochiae dentro desse subcomplexo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, por meio do Domínio D2 (região 28S DNAr) e do gene mitocondrial ND1 a relação filogenética dos táxons que compõem o subcomplexo Brasiliensis. A partir das análises geradas com o domínio nuclear D2, concluímos que não foi possível confirmar a relação filogenética entre os membros do subcomplexo Brasiliensis, visto que, as sequencias obtidas apresentaram apenas dois sítios polimórficos em 567 pb, demonstrando que esse domínio não é um marcador molecular adequado para essas espécies, devido ao seu alto grau de conservação. Todavia, os resultados obtidos para o gene mitocondrial ND1 corroboraram os dados citotaxonômicos que consideram a espécie T. lenti como membro do subcomplexo Brasiliensis, comprovado pelo alto suporte nos ramos gerados pela filogenia (89% de bootstrap). Na topologia também foi verificado que T. petrochiae é grupo irmão das demais espécies do subcomplexo (100% de bootstrap), além de corroborar seu status específico. As observações encontradas na matriz de distância genética suportaram o fenômeno de hibridação homoploidal para a subespécie T. b. macromelasoma, contribuindo assim para o conhecimento filogenético das espécies desse subcomplexo. Os dados encontrados são significativos, pois, o conhecimento da taxonomia desses insetos e sua correta classificação permitem que os triatomíneos que atuam como vetores sejam foco específico dos programas de controle da doença de Chagas no Brasil e na América Latina.
Triatomines belong to the order Heteroptera, family Reduviidae and subfamily Triatominae. Currently, they admitted 150 species, grouped into two tribes and 18 genera. Brasiliensis subcomplex was proposed initially by Lucena, in 1970, containing nine species: Triatoma brasiliensis; T. juazeirensis; T. melânica; T melanocephala; T. petrochiae; T. lenti; T. sherlocki; T. tibiamaculata and T. vitticeps. From data citotaxonomicals, it was proposed the exclusion of species T. melanocephala, T. vitticeps and T. tibiamaculata by present fragmentation of sex chromosome X and, therefore, are closely related to triatomines North America. Based on molecular data, it was suggested therefore that comprises the subcomplex species: T. brasiliensis, T. juazeirensis, T. melanica, T. sherlocki and subspecie T. b. macromelasoma. However, the studies didn’t include T. lenti and T. petrochiae. Based on cytogenetic analysis, it was proposed that T. lenti be a member of Brasiliensis subcomplex. Aiming to answer questions related to the position of the species T. lenti and T. petrochiae within this subcomplex, this study aimed to analyze, through the Domain D2 (region 28S RNAr) and mitochondrial gene ND1 the phylogenetic relationship of the taxa that comprise the subcomplex Brasiliensis. From the analysis generated with domain D2, we concluded that it was not possible to confirm the phylogenetic relationship among the members of Brasiliensis subcomplex, since the obtained sequences showed only two polymorphic sites in 567 bp, indicating that this domain is not a marker molecular suitable for these species, due to its high degree of conservation. However, the results obtained from the mitochondrial gene ND1 corroborate cytotaxonomic data that consider the species T. lenti as Brasiliensis subcomplex member, evidenced by the high support in the branches generated by phylogeny (89% bootstrap). In the topology it was also observed that T. petrochiae be the brother group of the other species of the subcomplex (100% bootstrap), and corroborate their specific status. The observations found in the genetic distance matrix support the homoploide hybridization phenomenon for the subspecies T. b. macromelasoma, thus contributing to the phylogenetic knowledge of the species of this subcomplex. Our data are significant because, the taxonomy of these insects and their correct classification allow triatomine that act as vectors are specific focus of Chagas disease control programs in Brazil and Latin America.
Triatomines belong to the order Heteroptera, family Reduviidae and subfamily Triatominae. Currently, they admitted 150 species, grouped into two tribes and 18 genera. Brasiliensis subcomplex was proposed initially by Lucena, in 1970, containing nine species: Triatoma brasiliensis; T. juazeirensis; T. melânica; T melanocephala; T. petrochiae; T. lenti; T. sherlocki; T. tibiamaculata and T. vitticeps. From data citotaxonomicals, it was proposed the exclusion of species T. melanocephala, T. vitticeps and T. tibiamaculata by present fragmentation of sex chromosome X and, therefore, are closely related to triatomines North America. Based on molecular data, it was suggested therefore that comprises the subcomplex species: T. brasiliensis, T. juazeirensis, T. melanica, T. sherlocki and subspecie T. b. macromelasoma. However, the studies didn’t include T. lenti and T. petrochiae. Based on cytogenetic analysis, it was proposed that T. lenti be a member of Brasiliensis subcomplex. Aiming to answer questions related to the position of the species T. lenti and T. petrochiae within this subcomplex, this study aimed to analyze, through the Domain D2 (region 28S RNAr) and mitochondrial gene ND1 the phylogenetic relationship of the taxa that comprise the subcomplex Brasiliensis. From the analysis generated with domain D2, we concluded that it was not possible to confirm the phylogenetic relationship among the members of Brasiliensis subcomplex, since the obtained sequences showed only two polymorphic sites in 567 bp, indicating that this domain is not a marker molecular suitable for these species, due to its high degree of conservation. However, the results obtained from the mitochondrial gene ND1 corroborate cytotaxonomic data that consider the species T. lenti as Brasiliensis subcomplex member, evidenced by the high support in the branches generated by phylogeny (89% bootstrap). In the topology it was also observed that T. petrochiae be the brother group of the other species of the subcomplex (100% bootstrap), and corroborate their specific status. The observations found in the genetic distance matrix support the homoploide hybridization phenomenon for the subspecies T. b. macromelasoma, thus contributing to the phylogenetic knowledge of the species of this subcomplex. Our data are significant because, the taxonomy of these insects and their correct classification allow triatomine that act as vectors are specific focus of Chagas disease control programs in Brazil and Latin America.
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Palavras-chave
Taxonomia molecular, Gene nuclear (D2), Gene mitocondrial (ND1), Triatoma lenti, Triatoma petrochiae, Molecular taxonomy, Nuclear gene (D2), Mitochondrial gene (ND1)