O papel da burocracia no processo de implantação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs): o caso do IF de Passos (MG)
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Data
2016-02-29
Autores
Oliveira, Ana Marcelina de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho aborda a política pública de educação profissional que, através do Plano de Expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica, proporcionou a criação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) e a abertura de novas unidades de ensino em diversas regiões do país entre os anos de 2003 e 2014. Uma dessas unidades de ensino de IF localiza-se na cidade de Passos (MG), cujo processo de implantação foi conduzido primordialmente por atores pertencentes ao próprio instituto, integrantes da burocracia pública. Esses atores ocupavam cargos comissionados próprios das Instituições Federais de Ensino (IFEs) que em correlação/equiparação com os Cargos de Direção e Assessoramento Superior (DAS) foram enquadrados como integrantes da burocracia de alto escalão do governo federal. No entanto, à medida que empiricamente se observa a atuação desses atores percebe-se que ela está bem mais relacionada ao papel desempenhado pela burocracia de médio escalão. Cavalcante e Lotta (2015, p. 13) afirmam que os Burocratas de Médio Escalão (BMEs) são atores relevantes no processo de implementação de políticas públicas e a importância dessa burocracia está justamente em ser o elo entre o alto escalão e os executores das políticas públicas. Ao estudar a política pública de educação profissional parte-se do pressuposto de que, embora sejam materializadas através dos governos, as políticas públicas envolvem vários atores e níveis de decisão (SOUZA, 2006), advertindo sobre o aspecto deliberativo e muitas vezes discricionário do processo de produção de políticas públicas. Nesse sentido, para melhor compreender a política pública de educação profissional, a criação dos institutos federais e a atuação dos atores envolvidos no processo de implantação do campus de IF na cidade de Passos (MG), este trabalho pautou-se em uma revisão de literatura sobre os temas: educação profissional; criação e expansão da rede federal de educação profissional; conceitos, enfoques e implementação de políticas públicas; e burocracia pública, com foco na burocracia de nível intermediário. Pautou-se também na realização e análise de entrevistas com três atores-chave do processo de implantação do campus do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais em Passos (MG). Este trabalho também procura se valer dos enfoques de Avaliação de Políticas Públicas (EAv) e de Análise e Políticas Públicas (EAn), que tratam da dimensão programas sob diferentes perspectivas. Para o EAv a implantação do campus do IF atendeu às dimensões estabelecidas pelo Plano de Expansão da Rede. E com o EAn considera-se que o plano materializou a política (policy) através de seus processos políticos (politics) e instituições políticas (polity). Por fim, os atores envolvidos na implantação do campus do instituto federal em foco foram fundamentais para esse processo, sendo denominados de burocratas de alto escalão, mas atuaram conforme o papel desempenhado pela burocracia de médio escalão. Sua atuação ocorreu principalmente na intermediação de ações da política, na aplicação das diretrizes da política e na coordenação de ações entre superiores e subordinados, ou seja, em aspectos que proporcionaram a implementação da política pública de educação profissional.
This work approaches the public policy of professional education which, through the Expansion Plan of the Federal Network of Professional Education Science and Technology, provided the creation of the Federal Institutes of education, science and technology (IFs) and the opening of new units of instruction in several regions of the country between the years of 2003 to 2014. One of these teaching units IF (Federal Institute) it is located in Passos (MG), whose deployment process was conducted primarily by actors belonging to the Institute, members of the public bureaucracy. These actors were commissioned positions of the federal institutions of education (IFEs) in parity with the positions and Superior advisory services (DAS) were included as members of the senior bureaucracy of the federal Government. However, as empirically observed these actors realizes that it is much more related to the function performed by the middle ranking bureaucracy. Cavalcante and Lotta (2015, p. 13) say that the middle ranking bureaucrats (BMEs) are relevant actors in the process of implementation of public policies and the importance of this bureaucracy is precisely to be the junction between the high-level and the executors of public policies. By studying public policy professional education the assumption that, although they are materialized through Governments, public policies involve several actors and levels of decision (SOUZA 2006), warning about the deliberative and often discretionary aspect of the production process of public policies. In this sense, to better understand the public policy of professional education, the creation of federal institutions and the performance of the actors involved in the implementation process of the campus of IF located in Passos (MG), this work was in a review of literature on the topics: professional education; creation and expansion of the professional education; concepts, approaches and implementation of public policies; and public bureaucracy, focusing on mid-level bureaucracy. Was also in the realization and analysis of interviews with three key actors of the deployment process of the campus - Federal Institute of education, science and technology in the South of Minas Gerais located in Passos (MG). This work also search to focus on the Evaluation of Public Policies (EAv) and Analysis and Public Policies (EAn), dealing with the dimension programs under different perspectives. For EAv implementation campus do IF met the dimensions established by the network expansion plan. And with the EAn the plan materialized to politics (policy) through their political processes (politics) and political institutions (polity). Finally, the actors involved in the implementation of the federal Institute's campus in focus were critical to this process, being named to high-level bureaucrats, but acted as the role played by mid-level bureaucracy. Its performance occurred mainly the intermediation of policy action, in the implementation of policy guidelines and coordination of actions between superiors and subordinates, on aspects that have provided the implementation of public policy professional education.
This work approaches the public policy of professional education which, through the Expansion Plan of the Federal Network of Professional Education Science and Technology, provided the creation of the Federal Institutes of education, science and technology (IFs) and the opening of new units of instruction in several regions of the country between the years of 2003 to 2014. One of these teaching units IF (Federal Institute) it is located in Passos (MG), whose deployment process was conducted primarily by actors belonging to the Institute, members of the public bureaucracy. These actors were commissioned positions of the federal institutions of education (IFEs) in parity with the positions and Superior advisory services (DAS) were included as members of the senior bureaucracy of the federal Government. However, as empirically observed these actors realizes that it is much more related to the function performed by the middle ranking bureaucracy. Cavalcante and Lotta (2015, p. 13) say that the middle ranking bureaucrats (BMEs) are relevant actors in the process of implementation of public policies and the importance of this bureaucracy is precisely to be the junction between the high-level and the executors of public policies. By studying public policy professional education the assumption that, although they are materialized through Governments, public policies involve several actors and levels of decision (SOUZA 2006), warning about the deliberative and often discretionary aspect of the production process of public policies. In this sense, to better understand the public policy of professional education, the creation of federal institutions and the performance of the actors involved in the implementation process of the campus of IF located in Passos (MG), this work was in a review of literature on the topics: professional education; creation and expansion of the professional education; concepts, approaches and implementation of public policies; and public bureaucracy, focusing on mid-level bureaucracy. Was also in the realization and analysis of interviews with three key actors of the deployment process of the campus - Federal Institute of education, science and technology in the South of Minas Gerais located in Passos (MG). This work also search to focus on the Evaluation of Public Policies (EAv) and Analysis and Public Policies (EAn), dealing with the dimension programs under different perspectives. For EAv implementation campus do IF met the dimensions established by the network expansion plan. And with the EAn the plan materialized to politics (policy) through their political processes (politics) and political institutions (polity). Finally, the actors involved in the implementation of the federal Institute's campus in focus were critical to this process, being named to high-level bureaucrats, but acted as the role played by mid-level bureaucracy. Its performance occurred mainly the intermediation of policy action, in the implementation of policy guidelines and coordination of actions between superiors and subordinates, on aspects that have provided the implementation of public policy professional education.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Burocracia, Burocratas de médio escalão, Política de educação profissional, Bureaucracy, Bureaucrats mid-level, Implantação dos institutos federais, Deployment of Federal Institutes, Professional education policy