Desempenho efetivo e influência no sistema de limpeza da colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar utilizando diferentes velocidades de deslocamento e rotações do extrator primário
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Data
2016-02-23
Autores
Martins, Murilo Battistuzzi [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) se destaca como uma das principais culturas do agronegócio brasileiro. A colheita mecanizada dessa cultura se faz necessária, atualmente, em função de leis ambientais. Com a mecanização da colheita de cana-de-açúcar, sem a necessária adaptação do canavial surgiram fatores adversos à utilização desta técnica, pelo elevado custo e baixa qualidade da colheita; porém, essas questões estão sendo estudadas e resolvidas melhorando, gradativamente, sua eficiência operacional. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho operacional e energético de uma colhedora de cana-de-açúcar variando a velocidade de deslocamento e a rotação do extrator primário e a influência dessas variáveis na qualidade da colheita, obtidas através das avaliações de perdas e impurezas vegetais após a colheita. O experimento foi conduzido em um canavial colhido sem queima prévia, sendo a cana-de-açúcar da variedade CTC 15, em seu primeiro estágio de corte e com porte classificado como ereto. O espaçamento entre fileiras foi de 1,5m e a produtividade agrícola média da cultura de 92,5 t ha-1. A colhedora de cana-de-açúcar utilizada foi a de uma linha, operando em três velocidades de deslocamento, sendo V1 (3,0 km h-1), a velocidade V2 (5,0 km h-1) e V3 (7,0 km h-1). Foram utilizadas duas rotações do extrator primário, sendo a R1 de 700rpm e R2 de 1000rpm. Quanto maior a velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora de cana-de-açúcar e a rotação do extrator primário maiores são a capacidade de campo efetiva e o consumo horário efetivo de combustível. A maior rotação do extrator primário (1000 rpm), apresenta níveis médios (4 a 6%) de impurezas vegetais, enquanto a menor rotação do extrator primário (700 rpm) levou a níveis altos (>7%). A altura de corte e os danos as soqueiras e o índice de fissura dos rebolos foram maiores em função das maiores velocidades de deslocamento da colhedora de cana-de-açúcar.
The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) stands out as one of the main crops of Brazilian agribusiness. The mechanized harvest of sugarcane culture is necessary, now, in accordance with environmental laws. With the mechanization of sugarcane harvesting emerged adverse factors using this technique, the high cost and low quality of the harvest; however, these issues are being studied and resolved improving gradually operational efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the operational performance and energy of a harvester sugarcane varying the travel speed and the rotation of the primary extractor, and the influence of these variables on the quality of the harvest, obtained through the evaluations of losses and impurities vegetables after harvesting. The experiment was conducted in a sugarcane harvested area without burning, and the sugarcane variety CTC 15, in its first cutting stage and postage classified as erect. The spacing between rows was 1.5 m and the average agricultural crop yield was 92,5 t ha-1. The harvester sugarcane used was one line, operating in three shift speeds, in the speed V1 (3,0 km h-1), V2 (5,0 km h-1) and V3 (7,0 km h-1). Two rotations of the primary extractor was used, R1 (700 rpm) and R2 (1000 rpm). The higher the speed of displacement of sugarcane and the rotation of the larger primary puller harvester are the effective field capacity and the actual fuel consumption per hour. The greater rotation of the primary extractor (1000 rpm), with average levels (4 to 6%) of vegetal impurities, while the smaller rotation of the primary extractor (700 rpm) led to high levels (> 7%). The cutting height of the stumps and damage and the crack of the grinding wheel index were higher due to higher travel speed of the harvester sugarcane.
The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) stands out as one of the main crops of Brazilian agribusiness. The mechanized harvest of sugarcane culture is necessary, now, in accordance with environmental laws. With the mechanization of sugarcane harvesting emerged adverse factors using this technique, the high cost and low quality of the harvest; however, these issues are being studied and resolved improving gradually operational efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the operational performance and energy of a harvester sugarcane varying the travel speed and the rotation of the primary extractor, and the influence of these variables on the quality of the harvest, obtained through the evaluations of losses and impurities vegetables after harvesting. The experiment was conducted in a sugarcane harvested area without burning, and the sugarcane variety CTC 15, in its first cutting stage and postage classified as erect. The spacing between rows was 1.5 m and the average agricultural crop yield was 92,5 t ha-1. The harvester sugarcane used was one line, operating in three shift speeds, in the speed V1 (3,0 km h-1), V2 (5,0 km h-1) and V3 (7,0 km h-1). Two rotations of the primary extractor was used, R1 (700 rpm) and R2 (1000 rpm). The higher the speed of displacement of sugarcane and the rotation of the larger primary puller harvester are the effective field capacity and the actual fuel consumption per hour. The greater rotation of the primary extractor (1000 rpm), with average levels (4 to 6%) of vegetal impurities, while the smaller rotation of the primary extractor (700 rpm) led to high levels (> 7%). The cutting height of the stumps and damage and the crack of the grinding wheel index were higher due to higher travel speed of the harvester sugarcane.
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Palavras-chave
Consumo de combustível, Colhedora, Qualidade de colheita, Saccharum spp.