Utilização de material alternativo para a obtenção e caracterização de biomodelos, por meio da técnica de impressão 3DPRINTER
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Data
2016-03-14
Autores
Grande Neto, Newton Salvador [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A técnica de replicar a morfologia de uma estrutura advinda do interior do corpo humano através de um modelo físico é conhecida como biomodelagem. Na área da saúde, um modelo da anatomia humana virtual ou físico é chamado de biomodelo, e este trouxe para a medicina um outro nível em relação a cirurgias modernas, como por exemplo, a possibilidade de o médico cirurgião realizar a simulação de uma cirurgia no biomodelo, analisando as melhores estratégias que serão adotadas para o sucesso da intervenção cirúrgica. Para a confecção de biomodelos são necessárias a execução de três etapas básicas: aquisição de imagens médicas via tomografia computadorizada, tratamento destas imagens utilizando um software específico e a confecção utilizando a manufatura aditiva, caracterizando assim todo o processo de biomodelagem. Todo este processo se tornou possível devido a integração entre as áreas de informática, engenharia, saúde, diagnóstico por imagens e principalmente pelo evento ímpar na área de processos de fabricação, o surgimento da manufatura aditiva. Utilizando um conjunto de tecnologias, a manufatura aditiva é capaz de reproduzir fisicamente, em vários materiais, um modelo virtual camada a camada. Diversas técnicas foram desenvolvidas na área de manufatura aditiva, em especial a impressão tridimensional (3DPrinter) tem seu funcionamento similar a uma impressora comercial a jato de tinta, porém deposita um aglutinante conhecido como binder ao invés de tinta, sobre camadas sucessivas de pó para prototipagem. A reação entre esses dois materiais consolida o formato bidimensional de cada camada, e depois de vários ciclos, um modelo tridimensional está completo. A não utilização de laser para a consolidação das camadas é uma vantagem desta técnica, ou seja, o valor de mercado do maquinário é relativamente mais barato quando comparado a outras técnicas vendidas no mercado. Pesquisas relacionadas a materiais alternativos nacionais são extremamente importantes, pois as descobertas de matérias-primas de baixo custo viabilizam cada vez mais a inclusão da biomodelagem em centros cirúrgicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a preparação de um material alternativo economicamente mais viável, utilizando uma proporção em volume de 94% pó de gesso comercial, 5% de ligante e 1% de agente higroscópico. Os resultados demonstram que o material alternativo proposto para este trabalho, se mostrou em torno de 121 vezes mais barato e também atingiu as características necessárias para a construção de biomodelos, como também se mostra tão eficiente em relação a resistência mecânica de manuseio, qualidade superficial e densidade quando comparado a materiais comerciais amplamente aceitos pelo mercado. Com a redução de custos, a técnica de biomodelagem poderá ser utilizada com mais frequência nas intervenções cirúrgicas, diminuindo os riscos existentes na cirurgia através de um planejamento cirúrgico de sucesso.
The technique to replicate a morphology of some interior structure of the human body through a physical model is known as biomodeling. In health care area, a virtual or physical human anatomy model is called biomodel, and this brings to the medicine another level in relation to moderns surgeries, for example, the surgeon has the possibility to perform a simulation of a surgery on a biomodel, making the opportunity to find the best strategies that will be adopted for the success of the surgery intervention. Three basic steps are required to ensure the fabrication of the biomodels: the acquisition of medical images via tomography or MRI, then, the treatment of these images using a specific software, to finally produce the biomodel by additive manufacturing, featuring then the whole process biomodeling. This entire process has become possible because of the integration of information technology, engineering, health, image diagnosis and especially the unique event in the area of manufacturing processes, the emergence of additive manufacturing. By a set of technologies, the additive manufacturing is able to physically reproduce, in several materials, a virtual model layer by layer. Several techniques have been developed in this area, especially the three-dimensional printing (3DPrinter), that operates similarly to a commercial inkjet printer, but, instead of ink, deposits an adhesive known as binder on successive layers of prototyping powder. The reaction between the binder and the powder consolidates the two-dimensional shape of each layer, and, after several cycles, a three-dimensional model is complete. Not utilizing lasers to consolidate the layers is the advantage of this technique that makes the market value of the machinery relatively inexpensive, compared to other market techniques. Researches related to national alternative materials are extremely important, because the Discovery of inexpensive raw materials can enable the inclusion of biomodeling in surgery rooms more and more. The aim of this study is the preparation of an alternative and economically viable material, using a volume proportion of 94% of comercial gypsum powder, 5% of binder and 1% of hygroscopic agent. The results show that the alternative material proposed by this study was about 121 times cheaper and also reached the necessary characteristics for the fabrication of the biomodels, as also shown as efficient regarding to mechanical strength handling, surface quality and density when compared to comercial materials widely accepted by the Market. By reducing the costs, the biomodeling technique can be used more often in surgical interventions, reducing the surgery risks through a success surgical planning.
The technique to replicate a morphology of some interior structure of the human body through a physical model is known as biomodeling. In health care area, a virtual or physical human anatomy model is called biomodel, and this brings to the medicine another level in relation to moderns surgeries, for example, the surgeon has the possibility to perform a simulation of a surgery on a biomodel, making the opportunity to find the best strategies that will be adopted for the success of the surgery intervention. Three basic steps are required to ensure the fabrication of the biomodels: the acquisition of medical images via tomography or MRI, then, the treatment of these images using a specific software, to finally produce the biomodel by additive manufacturing, featuring then the whole process biomodeling. This entire process has become possible because of the integration of information technology, engineering, health, image diagnosis and especially the unique event in the area of manufacturing processes, the emergence of additive manufacturing. By a set of technologies, the additive manufacturing is able to physically reproduce, in several materials, a virtual model layer by layer. Several techniques have been developed in this area, especially the three-dimensional printing (3DPrinter), that operates similarly to a commercial inkjet printer, but, instead of ink, deposits an adhesive known as binder on successive layers of prototyping powder. The reaction between the binder and the powder consolidates the two-dimensional shape of each layer, and, after several cycles, a three-dimensional model is complete. Not utilizing lasers to consolidate the layers is the advantage of this technique that makes the market value of the machinery relatively inexpensive, compared to other market techniques. Researches related to national alternative materials are extremely important, because the Discovery of inexpensive raw materials can enable the inclusion of biomodeling in surgery rooms more and more. The aim of this study is the preparation of an alternative and economically viable material, using a volume proportion of 94% of comercial gypsum powder, 5% of binder and 1% of hygroscopic agent. The results show that the alternative material proposed by this study was about 121 times cheaper and also reached the necessary characteristics for the fabrication of the biomodels, as also shown as efficient regarding to mechanical strength handling, surface quality and density when compared to comercial materials widely accepted by the Market. By reducing the costs, the biomodeling technique can be used more often in surgical interventions, reducing the surgery risks through a success surgical planning.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Impressão tridimensional, 3DPrinter, Biomodelagem, Three-dimensional printing, Biomodeling