A experiência materna com seu recém-nascido em fototerapia
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Data
2016-03-04
Autores
Nascimento, Tayomara Ferreira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A icterícia neonatal acomete de 60 a 80% dos neonatos, o tratamento empregado nestes casos é a fototerapia. Apesar de eficaz, leva as mães a vivenciar sobrecargas física e psicológica durante a hospitalização. Objetivos. Compreender a experiência de puérperas com seu RN em tratamento fototerápico e elaborar um modelo teórico representativo dessa experiência. Método. Pesquisa qualitativa conduzida em um Hospital Público do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As entrevistas foram conduzidas e audiogravadas em locais que assegurassem o anonimato e o sigilo das informações das atrizes. A saturação teórica se configurou mediante a análise da 15a entrevista, segundo os passos da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Resultados. As categorias identificadas e as relações teóricas das ações e das interações que compõem a experiência da puérpera com o cuidado de RN em fototerapia desdobram-se em quatro subprocessos: decepcionando-se com a má notícia; sentindo-se responsabilizada, reclusa e com apoio insuficiente para o cuidado; resignando-se ao papel protetor de mãe de bebê em sofrimento e em risco; buscando estratégias para lidar com a situação. Mediante o realinhamento dos componentes que formaram esses subprocessos, pode-se descobrir uma categoria designada central que os abarcassem, constituindo então o processo da experiência (modelo teórico), denominado: do sofrimento à resignação para enfrentar a experiência do recém-nascido em fototerapia. À luz do Interacionismo Simbólico identificou-se o papel protetor materno como componente interveniente simbólico arremetendo-a à busca de maneiras de lidar com a experiência desafiante. Da mesma forma, a equipe de enfermagem do alojamento conjunto o utilizou para atribuir responsabilidades à mãe, não só sobre os cuidados de higiene e alimentação, mas principalmente, em ações protetoras para a manutenção da integridade da visão do bebê, durante o tratamento. A mãe define a situação de responsabilização a um papel exercido solitariamente e em reclusão, para garantir a segurança da integridade do bebê. Ela entende que, no caso de intercorrências com o bebê, principalmente com a preservação das córneas, os julgamentos recairão sobre si mesma. Considerações finais. O modelo teórico abstraído da experiência permitiu aprofundar a compreensão dos subprocessos vivenciados por mães com seus bebês em fototerapia, assim como sinalizar necessidades de reavaliações e implementação de programas, em atendimento às necessidades humanas básicas dessas puérperas, por viverem experiência de grande sobrecarga.
Neonatal jaundice affects 60-80% of newborns; the treatment used in these cases is phototherapy. Although effective, it leads mothers to experience physical and psychological burdens during hospitalization. Objective. To understand the experience of mothers with their newborns in phototherapy and to develop a theoretical model representing this experience. Method. Qualitative research conducted in a public hospital of São Paulo, Brazil. Interviews were conducted and audio recorded in places that would ensure anonymity and confidentiality of information of the actresses. Theoretical saturation was configured through the analysis of the 15th interview, according of the Grounded Theory. Results. The identified categories and the theoretical relationships of actions and interactions that make up the experience of postpartum women with the care of newborns in phototherapy unfolds in four sub-processes: disappointed with the bad news; feeling responsible, reclusive and insufficient support for care; resigning himself to the role of mother baby saver in distress and at risk; seeking strategies to deal with the situation. Through the realignment of the components that formed these sub-processes, one can discover a designated core category that included then constituting the process of experience (theoretical model), called: the suffering resignation to face the experience of the newborn in phototherapy. In the light of Symbolic Interactionism identified the mother's protective role as symbolic intervening component thrusting to the search for ways to deal with the challenging experience. Similarly, the nursing staff of the rooming used to assign responsibilities to the mother, not only about hygiene and food, but mainly for protective actions to maintain the baby's vision of integrity during treatment. The mother defines accountability situation to a paper exercise in solitude and seclusion, to ensure the safety of the baby's integrity. She understands that if complications with the baby, especially with the preservation of corneas, trials come upon itself. Conclusions. The theoretical model abstracted from experience has deepened the understanding of sub-processes experienced by mothers with their babies in phototherapy, as well as flag needs revaluations and implementation of programs, to meet the basic human needs that mothers, because they live on human experience.
Neonatal jaundice affects 60-80% of newborns; the treatment used in these cases is phototherapy. Although effective, it leads mothers to experience physical and psychological burdens during hospitalization. Objective. To understand the experience of mothers with their newborns in phototherapy and to develop a theoretical model representing this experience. Method. Qualitative research conducted in a public hospital of São Paulo, Brazil. Interviews were conducted and audio recorded in places that would ensure anonymity and confidentiality of information of the actresses. Theoretical saturation was configured through the analysis of the 15th interview, according of the Grounded Theory. Results. The identified categories and the theoretical relationships of actions and interactions that make up the experience of postpartum women with the care of newborns in phototherapy unfolds in four sub-processes: disappointed with the bad news; feeling responsible, reclusive and insufficient support for care; resigning himself to the role of mother baby saver in distress and at risk; seeking strategies to deal with the situation. Through the realignment of the components that formed these sub-processes, one can discover a designated core category that included then constituting the process of experience (theoretical model), called: the suffering resignation to face the experience of the newborn in phototherapy. In the light of Symbolic Interactionism identified the mother's protective role as symbolic intervening component thrusting to the search for ways to deal with the challenging experience. Similarly, the nursing staff of the rooming used to assign responsibilities to the mother, not only about hygiene and food, but mainly for protective actions to maintain the baby's vision of integrity during treatment. The mother defines accountability situation to a paper exercise in solitude and seclusion, to ensure the safety of the baby's integrity. She understands that if complications with the baby, especially with the preservation of corneas, trials come upon itself. Conclusions. The theoretical model abstracted from experience has deepened the understanding of sub-processes experienced by mothers with their babies in phototherapy, as well as flag needs revaluations and implementation of programs, to meet the basic human needs that mothers, because they live on human experience.
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Palavras-chave
Icterícia neonatal, Fototerapia, Alojamento conjunto, Saúde materno-infantil, Pesquisa qualitativa, Neonatal jaundice, Phototherapy, Rooming, Maternal and child health, Qualitative research