Desempenho operacional de transplante manual e mecanizado da cultura da alface
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Data
2016-02-19
Autores
Almeida, Samantha Vieira de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Comparou-se entre o transplante de mudas manual (convencional) e o mecanizado, da cultura da alface, em dois sistemas de plantio, sendo eles, sistema de preparo convencional e sistema de plantio direto, avaliando o desempenho operacional em diferentes velocidades de deslocamento do conjunto mecanizado, a viabilidade econômica e os dados agronômicos da cultura. Para o transplante das mudas, foi utilizado o conjunto mecanizado composto por um trator da marca New Holland, modelo TL65E®, 4x2, com potência nominal de 65 cv e uma transplantadora da marca Fedele Mario, modelo MAX® de fabricação italiana. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o fatorial 2x2+1, sendo que os fatores foram, dois sistemas de plantio (preparo convencional e plantio direto) e duas velocidades de deslocamento (1ª e 2ª marcha), mais a testemunha, onde os canteiros em preparo convencional foram transplantados manualmente. Para a delimitação da área experimental foram separados dentro da propriedade nove canteiros, em que, quatro canteiros de preparo convencional de solo, quatro canteiros de plantio direto e um canteiro transplantado manualmente. No tratamento de plantio direto, quatro canteiros foram preparados com cobertura de palha de milheto (Pennisetum americanum) que foi semeado a lanço e dessecado três meses após a semeadura. Foram analisadas as características: massa fresca, altura da planta, número de folhas e altura do caule da cultura da alface, além do desempenho operacional da máquina e custos operacionais. Todos os tratamentos foram submetidos as médias a uma análise de variância seguida do Teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos, demonstraram que a operação de transplante mecanizado da alface mostrou um rendimento operacional 54% maior que a operação de transplante manual. A maior capacidade de campo operacional foi encontrada no sistema de preparo convencional na velocidade mais alta, a qual rendeu mais metros de canteiros por hora em relação aos outros tratamentos. A mão-de-obra confirmou ser o principal e mais caro componente do custo operacional para os dois sistemas de transplante. A produtividade da cultura não sofreu interferência em relação ao comparativo entre todos os tratamentos.
This work has as its aim to do the comparison between the manual and mechanized transplant of lettuce crop, conventional and no-till, evaluated the operational development of the machine and crop agronomic data in different dislocation speeds. The work was done in a farm, in Pardinho-SP County, commercial producer of growers as lettuce, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, among others. To do the transplant, it has used the mechanized group composed by TL60E® New Holland 4x2 tractor, 65 nominal power and a Italian Fidele Mario MAX® conveyor. The experimental design was the 2x2+1 factorial, where the variables were two plantation system (conventional and direct) and two dislocation speeds (1st and 2nd gear), plus the testimony where the seedbeds were manually transplanted by conventional prepare. For experimental area delimitation, it were set apart inside property, 9 seedbeds randomly, where, 5 seedbeds were duly prepared with rotated hoe, where 4 of them had the seedlings transplanted with the conveyor and 1 manually. In direct plantation treatment, 4 seedbeds were prepared with millet (Pennisetum americanum) straw cover haul and dried 3 months after sowing. The variables were analyzed: fresh weight, plant height, number of leaves and stalk height in addition to the operational performance of the machine and operating costs. All treatments were submitted the medium to an analysis of variance followed by Tukey test of 5% probability. The results showed that the mechanized transplanting operation showed an operating lettuce yield 54% greater than manual transplantation operation. The largest operational field capacity was found in conventional tillage system at the highest speed, which grossed more meters beds per hour compared to other treatments. The hand labor proved to be the main and most expensive component of the operating cost for the two transplant systems. The crop yield was not affected in relation to the comparison between all treatments.
This work has as its aim to do the comparison between the manual and mechanized transplant of lettuce crop, conventional and no-till, evaluated the operational development of the machine and crop agronomic data in different dislocation speeds. The work was done in a farm, in Pardinho-SP County, commercial producer of growers as lettuce, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, among others. To do the transplant, it has used the mechanized group composed by TL60E® New Holland 4x2 tractor, 65 nominal power and a Italian Fidele Mario MAX® conveyor. The experimental design was the 2x2+1 factorial, where the variables were two plantation system (conventional and direct) and two dislocation speeds (1st and 2nd gear), plus the testimony where the seedbeds were manually transplanted by conventional prepare. For experimental area delimitation, it were set apart inside property, 9 seedbeds randomly, where, 5 seedbeds were duly prepared with rotated hoe, where 4 of them had the seedlings transplanted with the conveyor and 1 manually. In direct plantation treatment, 4 seedbeds were prepared with millet (Pennisetum americanum) straw cover haul and dried 3 months after sowing. The variables were analyzed: fresh weight, plant height, number of leaves and stalk height in addition to the operational performance of the machine and operating costs. All treatments were submitted the medium to an analysis of variance followed by Tukey test of 5% probability. The results showed that the mechanized transplanting operation showed an operating lettuce yield 54% greater than manual transplantation operation. The largest operational field capacity was found in conventional tillage system at the highest speed, which grossed more meters beds per hour compared to other treatments. The hand labor proved to be the main and most expensive component of the operating cost for the two transplant systems. The crop yield was not affected in relation to the comparison between all treatments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Transplante mecanizado, Plantio direto, Lactuca sativa, Mudas, Mechanized transplantation, No tillage, Lactuca sativa, Seedlings