Relação entre as habilidades metalinguísticas, leitura e compreensão leitora em escolares com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade
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Data
2016-03-21
Autores
Uvo, Mariana Ferraz Conti [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Escolares com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) podem apresentar problemas relacionados à leitura e à escrita, os quais, possivelmente, estão relacionados ao déficit atencional que afeta a formação de memória para a aprendizagem. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar o desempenho de escolares com TDAH em habilidades metalinguísticas, leitura e compreensão leitora, comparando-o e relacionando-o com o de escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico. Participaram deste estudo 30 escolares do Ensino Fundamental I, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de oito anos a 12 anos e 6 meses de idade, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I (GI), composto por 15 escolares com diagnóstico de TDAH e Grupo II (GII), composto por 15 escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico. Os escolares de ambos os grupos foram pareados quanto à idade, à escolaridade e ao gênero. Os escolares foram submetidos à aplicação do protocolo de habilidades metalinguísticas e de leitura (PROHMELE) e à prova de compreensão de leitura (PROCOMLE). Pelos resultados obtidos e analisados, foi possível verificar que houve diferença entre GI e GII nas habilidades de identificação de fonema inicial e final, subtração de sílabas e de fonemas, adição de sílabas e de fonemas e segmentação de fonemas. Apesar de o desempenho do GI ter sido inferior ao do GII nas provas de leitura, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos na prova de compreensão leitora. De acordo com os dados deste estudo, ocorreram correlações positivas entre as habilidades metalinguísticas e o texto expositivo mais do que com o texto narrativo, sugerindo assim, maior dificuldade no gênero textual expositivo, pois as questões envolvem maior uso da memória para a retenção de informações, por ser um texto que contém informações específicas sobre um tema. Concluímos que os escolares com TDAH apresentaram desempenho inferior em habilidades de manipulação de sílabas e de fonemas que são consideradas mais complexas e que exigem retenção, análise e recuperação de informação. Na compreensão de leitura, ambos os grupos apresentaram classificação de desempenho inferior com resultados semelhantes. As relações encontradas entre as habilidades metalinguísticas e a compreensão de leitura podem sugerir um perfil da população estudada, porém, estudos futuros com a ampliação da amostra estudada se fazem necessários para confirmação ou não deste perfil.
Students diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) may have problems reading and writing. These problems are possibly related to attentional deficit that affects memory formation for learning. The aims of this research was to characterize the performance of students with ADHD in metalinguistic skills, reading and reading comprehension, comparing it and relating it to the students with good academic performance. 30 participants from primary schools, of both genders, aged from 8:0 years old to 12:06 years old, divided into two groups: Group I (GI) consisted of 15 children diagnosed with ADHD and Group II (GII) composed of 15 students with good academic performance. The students were matched according with age, grade level and gender. The students were submitted to a Metalinguistic Skills and Reading Protocol (PROHMELE) and Reading Comprehension Test (PROCOMLE). In the analyzed results, it was found that were difference between Group I and Group II at the skills of initial and final phonemic identification, syllable and phonemic subtraction, addition of syllable and phoneme, subtraction syllable and phoneme, phonemics segmentation. The performance of Group I was lower than Group II in Reading protocol and there was no difference between groups in the test of reading comprehension. According to data from this study there were positive correlations between metalinguistic skills and essay than with narrative text, thus suggesting greater difficulty in the exhibition genre, because the issues involve greater use of memory to retain information for be a text containing specific information about a topic. Conclude that students with Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder had lower performance in tests considered more complex that requiring retention, analysis and information retrieval. These difficulties can be attributed to an association between the primary deficits, characterized by inattention, superimposed on processing failures information. In reading comprehension both groups had lower performance rating with similar results. The correlations between the variables of metalinguistic skills and reading comprehension can suggest a profile of the population studied, however, further studies with the expansion of the sample is needed to confirm whether or not this profile.
Students diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) may have problems reading and writing. These problems are possibly related to attentional deficit that affects memory formation for learning. The aims of this research was to characterize the performance of students with ADHD in metalinguistic skills, reading and reading comprehension, comparing it and relating it to the students with good academic performance. 30 participants from primary schools, of both genders, aged from 8:0 years old to 12:06 years old, divided into two groups: Group I (GI) consisted of 15 children diagnosed with ADHD and Group II (GII) composed of 15 students with good academic performance. The students were matched according with age, grade level and gender. The students were submitted to a Metalinguistic Skills and Reading Protocol (PROHMELE) and Reading Comprehension Test (PROCOMLE). In the analyzed results, it was found that were difference between Group I and Group II at the skills of initial and final phonemic identification, syllable and phonemic subtraction, addition of syllable and phoneme, subtraction syllable and phoneme, phonemics segmentation. The performance of Group I was lower than Group II in Reading protocol and there was no difference between groups in the test of reading comprehension. According to data from this study there were positive correlations between metalinguistic skills and essay than with narrative text, thus suggesting greater difficulty in the exhibition genre, because the issues involve greater use of memory to retain information for be a text containing specific information about a topic. Conclude that students with Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder had lower performance in tests considered more complex that requiring retention, analysis and information retrieval. These difficulties can be attributed to an association between the primary deficits, characterized by inattention, superimposed on processing failures information. In reading comprehension both groups had lower performance rating with similar results. The correlations between the variables of metalinguistic skills and reading comprehension can suggest a profile of the population studied, however, further studies with the expansion of the sample is needed to confirm whether or not this profile.
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Palavras-chave
Aprendizagem, Leitura, Avaliação, Educação, Transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade, Learning, Reading, Education, Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity