Invisibilidade social e saúde do trabalhador: dinâmica territorial do trabalho na coleta de lixo domiciliar urbano em Presidente Prudente/SP
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Data
2016-03-18
Autores
Silva, João Vitor Ramos da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação se refere ao trabalho situado “por detrás das lixeiras da sociedade”, protagonizado pelos coletores de lixo domiciliar urbano na cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP. Buscou-se evidenciar as rotinas e processos de trabalho desses sujeitos, identificando as consequências para sua saúde e de que forma o fenômeno da invisibilidade social ocorre no contexto laboral da coleta de lixo. A pesquisa incluiu levantamento bibliográfico voltado a três eixos-mestres – trabalho na coleta de lixo, saúde do trabalhador e invisibilidade social –, realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os sujeitos e agentes da pesquisa (coletores, sindicalista e representante do Ministério Público do Trabalho) e uso de informações secundárias de diversas fontes. Esse conjunto compôs as ferramentas analíticas empregadas para construir um enredo capaz de dar voz aos coletores de lixo. O trabalho na coleta é extremamente penoso e gera efeitos nocivos à saúde dos trabalhadores, em curto e principalmente em longo prazo, quando as dores no corpo tornam-se crônicas. Ademais, a invisibilidade social e a concomitante humilhação contribuem para precariedade laboral em termos da saúde mental dos coletores. Observa-se fragilidade na luta sindical no que tange a remuneração e aumentos salariais, e na própria relação com os coletores, embora haja algumas conquistas pontuais, como a obtenção e incremento de equipamentos de proteção individual. A insatisfação dos coletores com sua representação sindical frente à empresa empregadora, todavia, não é suficiente para ensejar uma articulação concreta entre os próprios trabalhadores, pelo temor de represálias ou da perda do emprego.
This paper refers to the labor located “behind the bins of society” experienced by urban garbage collectors in the city of Presidente Prudente (State of São Paulo, Brazil). It sought to highlight the routines and work processes of these individuals, identifying the consequences for their health and how the phenomenon of social invisibility occurs in the labor context of garbage collection. The research included literature review focused on three master-axes (work in garbage collection, workers‟ health and social invisibility), semi-structured interviews with the subjects and agents of the survey (collectors, union leader and representative of the Ministry of Labor) and using secondary information from various sources. This set composed the analytical tools used to build a storyline capable of giving voice to garbage collectors. Garbage collection is burdensome and generates harmful effects on workers‟ health, in short term and mainly in long term, when body pains become chronic. Moreover, the social invisibility and concomitant humiliation contribute to labor precariousness in terms of collectors‟ mental health. It is observed weakness in the trade union efforts concerning to remuneration and salary increases, as well as in the relation with the collectors, although there are some specific achievements like getting and incrementing personal protective equipment. The collectors‟ dissatisfaction with their union representation against the employer company, however, is not sufficient to bring a concrete coordination between the workers themselves, because of fear of reprisals or job loss.
This paper refers to the labor located “behind the bins of society” experienced by urban garbage collectors in the city of Presidente Prudente (State of São Paulo, Brazil). It sought to highlight the routines and work processes of these individuals, identifying the consequences for their health and how the phenomenon of social invisibility occurs in the labor context of garbage collection. The research included literature review focused on three master-axes (work in garbage collection, workers‟ health and social invisibility), semi-structured interviews with the subjects and agents of the survey (collectors, union leader and representative of the Ministry of Labor) and using secondary information from various sources. This set composed the analytical tools used to build a storyline capable of giving voice to garbage collectors. Garbage collection is burdensome and generates harmful effects on workers‟ health, in short term and mainly in long term, when body pains become chronic. Moreover, the social invisibility and concomitant humiliation contribute to labor precariousness in terms of collectors‟ mental health. It is observed weakness in the trade union efforts concerning to remuneration and salary increases, as well as in the relation with the collectors, although there are some specific achievements like getting and incrementing personal protective equipment. The collectors‟ dissatisfaction with their union representation against the employer company, however, is not sufficient to bring a concrete coordination between the workers themselves, because of fear of reprisals or job loss.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Trabalho, Coleta de lixo, Saúde do trabalhador, Invisibilidade social, Work, Garbage collection, Workers health, Social invisibility