Profundidades de semeadura e espaçamentos entre plantas na cultura do milho
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Data
2016-03-04
Autores
Sousa, Saulo Fernando Gomes de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A variação na profundidade de sementes e no espaçamento entre plantas proporcionam diferentes condições para as mesmas se desenvolverem. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a cultura do milho semeada em diferentes profundidades e espaçamentos entre plantas, e dessa maneira saber o quanto esses fatores influenciam nas características agronômicas e produtividade da cultura. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP/Botucatu-SP. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo cada fator (profundidade de sementes e espaçamento entre plantas) avaliado separadamente. O experimento com diferentes profundidades de sementes contou com 10 tratamentos, no qual houve variação da profundidade de semeadura entre 2, 4, 6 e 8 cm, adotando diferentes opções de combinações. Nesse experimento além de todas as avaliações morfológicas também foi avaliada a velocidade de emergência das plântulas. O outro experimento foi avaliar diferentes espaçamento entre plantas e constou de 11 tratamentos, variando entre o espaçamento considerado ideal para o híbrido utilizado (17 cm, população de 69.200 plantas ha-1) e intervalos de 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% e 50% para mais e para menos. Ambos com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições cada. O milho foi semeado manualmente em sistema de preparo de solo convencional, com auxílio de réguas graduadas de acordo com os espaçamentos entre plantas indicado para cada tratamento e a profundidade. Para a análise estatística dos dados, os valores foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), utilizando o teste F a 5% de probabilidade. Para a variação dos espaçamentos foi realizada análise de regressão com ajuste dos maiores coeficientes de determinação (p ≤0,05). Pode-se concluir que nas profundidades avaliadas houve diferença significativa para o índice de velocidade de emergência, a primeira contagem de plântulas e a emergência total das plantas. As maiores produtividades foram obtidas nas maiores profundidades. Quanto maior o espaçamento entre plantas maiores serão as espigas produzidas, não necessariamente obtendo maiores produtividades de grãos. Os melhores espaçamentos entre plantas variaram entre 17cm (69.200 pl ha-1) e 11,1 cm (105.980 pl ha-1) tendo se destacado como o espaçamento com os maiores valores de produtividade o de 13,7cm (85.850 pl ha-1).
The variation in depth of seeds and plant spacing provide different conditions for them to develop. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the culture of corn sown at different depths and spacing between plants, and so to determine the effect the agronomic characteristics and crop yield. The experiment was carried out at the College of Agronomy – FCA/UNESP, Botucatu-SP. For depth and for sowing spacing two experiments were carried, by evaluating each individually. In the experiment with different depths of seeds were carried out 10 treatments, in which there was a variation of sowing depth of 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm, adopting different combinations among themselves. For depth of seeds, was also evaluated the speed of emergence of seedlings. For the spacing between plants were 11 treatments, ranging from the ideal of 17 cm between plants and population of plants of 69,200 ha-1, and variations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% besides of the ideal. The outline was random blocks, with four replicates per treatment. The corn seeds were sowed by hand in conventional tillage, with the aid of graduated rulers according to plant spacings and depths, according to each treatment. For statistical analysis, the data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the F test at 5% probability. For the variation of spacings was performed regression analysis with adjustment of the highest coefficients of determination (p≤0,05). It can be concluded that in the depths evaluated there were significant differences for the emergency speed index, the first count of seedlings and the full emergence. The highest yields were obtained for the deepest seeds. For more spaced plants each other, there was production of larger corncobs, but has no higher grain yield. For the spacing between plants the highlights were the 17cm (69,200 seeds ha-1) and 11.1 cm (105,980 seeds ha-1) and the higher productivity were in the spacing of plants of 13,7cm (85,850 seeds ha-1).
The variation in depth of seeds and plant spacing provide different conditions for them to develop. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the culture of corn sown at different depths and spacing between plants, and so to determine the effect the agronomic characteristics and crop yield. The experiment was carried out at the College of Agronomy – FCA/UNESP, Botucatu-SP. For depth and for sowing spacing two experiments were carried, by evaluating each individually. In the experiment with different depths of seeds were carried out 10 treatments, in which there was a variation of sowing depth of 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm, adopting different combinations among themselves. For depth of seeds, was also evaluated the speed of emergence of seedlings. For the spacing between plants were 11 treatments, ranging from the ideal of 17 cm between plants and population of plants of 69,200 ha-1, and variations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% besides of the ideal. The outline was random blocks, with four replicates per treatment. The corn seeds were sowed by hand in conventional tillage, with the aid of graduated rulers according to plant spacings and depths, according to each treatment. For statistical analysis, the data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the F test at 5% probability. For the variation of spacings was performed regression analysis with adjustment of the highest coefficients of determination (p≤0,05). It can be concluded that in the depths evaluated there were significant differences for the emergency speed index, the first count of seedlings and the full emergence. The highest yields were obtained for the deepest seeds. For more spaced plants each other, there was production of larger corncobs, but has no higher grain yield. For the spacing between plants the highlights were the 17cm (69,200 seeds ha-1) and 11.1 cm (105,980 seeds ha-1) and the higher productivity were in the spacing of plants of 13,7cm (85,850 seeds ha-1).
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Palavras-chave
Zea mays, Semeadora, Densidade de plantas