Políticas de acesso ao cargo de diretor de escola pública da educação básica – novas perspectivas a partir da realidade do município de Franca/SP
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Data
2016-03-04
Autores
Marqueti, Andrea [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na discussão sobre a gestão democrática da escola pública brasileira, tendo seu ápice na década de 1980 em decorrência de todo o processo de redemocratização do país e a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, a tônica dos processos de melhoria da qualidade da educação ganha destaque nas pesquisas e na implantação de políticas públicas educacionais. Evidencia-se o papel do diretor/gestor escolar frente às propostas de melhorias, sendo ele o grande líder, mentor e o responsável por coordenar os objetivos escolares, articulando toda a equipe e a comunidade escolar, para a promoção efetiva da aprendizagem dos alunos. Ao analisar as atribuições do gestor/diretor emerge a necessidade de se aprofundar o estudo sobre as formas de provimento ao cargo existente nos sistemas de ensino, sendo este o objetivo central deste estudo. Diante disso, com o apoio da literatura referente ao tema e da pesquisa de campo, via aplicação e análise de questionários realizados com gestores e professores, o estudo balizou-se no levantamento bibliográfico para analisar as principais formas de acesso ao cargo: a nomeação, o concurso público, a eleição e os sistemas mistos. Conceituar e caracterizar o perfil do gestor/diretor escolar (formação, atribuições e competências) com destaque, dos diretores das escolas municipais de Franca/SP; analisar a modalidade de indicação/nomeação instituída na Secretaria Municipal de Franca/SP e as concepções dos gestores e equipes escolares sobre a forma mais democrática de acesso ao cargo de gestor/diretor são desmembramentos de todo este estudo. Os dados da pesquisa de campo aplicada às equipes escolares - coordenador pedagógico, orientador educacional, pedagogo e professor - apontam formas mais democráticas para a escolha de diretor, na visão dos profissionais entrevistados, exceto na visão dos diretores que já estão na função, através da nomeação: estes defendem a continuidade desta modalidade de nomeação. Em âmbito nacional a modalidade de nomeação ainda é a mais utilizada entre os sistemas, preservando o patrimonialismo na administração pública. A partir do referencial teórico e da pesquisa de campo apresenta-se, como proposta de intervenção à realidade pesquisada, um documento norteador para a seleção de diretor/gestor que atenda às legislações propostas e sirva de referência para a implantação de uma política local que privilegie os interesses da gestão escolar. A existência de padrões de competências atrelados a outros pré-requisitos podem conferir ao gestor/diretor maiores habilidades para gerir o cotidiano escolar e todo o processo educativo para o melhoramento contínuo das instituições escolares, tendo como foco principal, a formação integral dos alunos – alvo central das políticas de desenvolvimento social e econômico do país.
In the discussion about the democratic management of Brazilian public schools, which had its climax during the 1980’s because of the process of redemocratization which Brazil was going through and after 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution, the tonic of processes of quality improvement in education starts to be recognized in researches and implementation of educational public policies. In this field, the role of the director face the propositions of improvement gets into spotlight, once the manager is the greatest leader and mentor, responsible for coordinating the educational objectives and articulating them with team and community in order to promote the effective learning of students. However, when analyzing the role of a school manager, there may arise the necessity of getting deeper into the study about the ways which the position is filled in nowadays in the Brazilian educational system, being this point the reason of this study. Once our objective is settled, a bibliographical research was made in order to analyze the main ways of access to the position of school manager which are available nowadays: nomination, public conquest, election and mixed systems. Conceptualizing and characterizing the role of school manager – its training, assignments and competencies; describing the profile of a basic education Brazilian school manager, highlighting the ones who work in municipal schools in the city of Franca/SP; also analyzing the forms of indication/nomination instituted into the Municipal Secretary of Franca and the conceptions these managers and school teams have about which way of access they judge to be the most viable or democratic in order to reach the position of school manager are examined in this study. Field research data applied to Franca school teams – pedagogical coordinator, school advisers, educator and teachers – points to options that have more democratic forms of choosing a school manager, although the interviewed managers do not agree, once they fill the position through nomination. Managers who were interviewed defend the maintenance of nomination system. Parting from theoretical research and field research, it is going to be presented as a proposition of intervention, which is inherent to the professional master degree that led to this dissertation, a document that will present a way to select school managers that will attend to the proposed legislation and is settled as reference to the implementation of a public policy that is going to have in mind the school management’s interests. Existing patterns of competence together with other pre-requisites may confer to managers bigger abilities to manage the everyday work into the school as well as all the educative process, having in mind the healthy development of educational institutions which focus on students’ integral development – central target of policies of social and economic development in any country.
In the discussion about the democratic management of Brazilian public schools, which had its climax during the 1980’s because of the process of redemocratization which Brazil was going through and after 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution, the tonic of processes of quality improvement in education starts to be recognized in researches and implementation of educational public policies. In this field, the role of the director face the propositions of improvement gets into spotlight, once the manager is the greatest leader and mentor, responsible for coordinating the educational objectives and articulating them with team and community in order to promote the effective learning of students. However, when analyzing the role of a school manager, there may arise the necessity of getting deeper into the study about the ways which the position is filled in nowadays in the Brazilian educational system, being this point the reason of this study. Once our objective is settled, a bibliographical research was made in order to analyze the main ways of access to the position of school manager which are available nowadays: nomination, public conquest, election and mixed systems. Conceptualizing and characterizing the role of school manager – its training, assignments and competencies; describing the profile of a basic education Brazilian school manager, highlighting the ones who work in municipal schools in the city of Franca/SP; also analyzing the forms of indication/nomination instituted into the Municipal Secretary of Franca and the conceptions these managers and school teams have about which way of access they judge to be the most viable or democratic in order to reach the position of school manager are examined in this study. Field research data applied to Franca school teams – pedagogical coordinator, school advisers, educator and teachers – points to options that have more democratic forms of choosing a school manager, although the interviewed managers do not agree, once they fill the position through nomination. Managers who were interviewed defend the maintenance of nomination system. Parting from theoretical research and field research, it is going to be presented as a proposition of intervention, which is inherent to the professional master degree that led to this dissertation, a document that will present a way to select school managers that will attend to the proposed legislation and is settled as reference to the implementation of a public policy that is going to have in mind the school management’s interests. Existing patterns of competence together with other pre-requisites may confer to managers bigger abilities to manage the everyday work into the school as well as all the educative process, having in mind the healthy development of educational institutions which focus on students’ integral development – central target of policies of social and economic development in any country.
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Palavras-chave
Políticas educacionais, Gestão escolar, Diretor de escola, Formas de acesso ao cargo