Material educativo para familiares de recém-nascidos em terapia intensiva neonatal: percepção dos pais e equipe de saúde
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Data
2016-03-02
Autores
Campos, Alessa Aparecida de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: O cuidado à criança hospitalizada vem apresentando mudanças que incluem a família na participação nas atividades diárias, flexibilidade nos horários das visitas e uma relação mais próxima com os profissionais de saúde. Justifica-se a elaboração e apreensão da percepção de material educativo para familiares de recém-nascidos assistidos em terapia intensiva neonatal, considerando a necessidade de se fortalecer o vínculo entre família e equipe multiprofissional, no intuito de melhorar a compreensão acerca da permanência da criança em unidades críticas de cuidado. Objetivo: Elaborar e apreender a percepção de material educativo para familiares de recém-nascidos assistidos em terapia intensiva neonatal de um hospital de ensino. Método: Trata-se de estudo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de um hospital de ensino, que se desenvolveu em quatro etapas: 1ª etapa: foi realizada uma revisão da literatura científica não sistematizada, buscando identificar experiências e rotinas dos profissionais de saúde de UTIN; 2ª etapa: foi elaborado material educativo do tipo cartilha, baseado na revisão da literatura, nas normas e rotinas que incluem a trajetória das mães e familiares do RN quando internado em UTIN, com o apoio de um designer gráfico para ilustrações, organização e arte final dos conteúdos; 3ª etapa: constituiu-se na percepção do conteúdo do material educativo pelos profissionais de saúde da unidade; 4ª etapa: após a contemplação das sugestões dos profissionais e o aprimoramento da cartilha, o instrumento foi apresentado aos familiares de referência do recém-nascido internado. As entrevistas individuais foram gravadas por aparelho smartphone e, posteriormente, transcritas na íntegra, respeitando a veracidade das informações. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin. Resultados: O material educativo resultante foi idealizado e desenvolvido pela pesquisadora, com o auxílio de um designer gráfico. Os desenhos foram digitalizados usando o programa Phostoshop CS5 13.0X32, em meia folha do tamanho A4 (210x297mm), em papel Couche, com texto sempre acompanhado por ilustrações. Participaram deste estudo 17 profissionais de saúde, 16 mulheres e um homem, com idade de 22 a 57 anos, o tempo de serviço em UTIN foi de dois a 27 anos. Em relação aos familiares, participaram deste estudo 10 familiares, foram entrevistadas nove mães e um pai, com idade de 20 a 40 anos. Os resultados emergentes advindos das questões norteadoras direcionadas aos profissionais e familiares foram organizados nas seguintes categorias temáticas: Concordância com as informações contidas no material educativo; Concordância sobre o conteúdo e a arte final do material educativo; Sugestões de aprimoramento sobre o conteúdo e arte final do material educativo; A UTI Neonatal é um ambiente de cuidados especiais, mas também de acolhimento para a criança e a família; Os equipamentos e materiais de uma UTI Neonatal têm funções e devem ser manuseados por profissionais capacitados; Comportamentos recomendáveis durante a visita em UTI Neonatal; A comunicação escrita reforça a orientação falada; Manter o formato de cartilha como material educativo; Reconhecer que material educativo não substitui a orientação realizada por profissional capacitado. Considerações finais: A elaboração do material educativo promoveu concordâncias e obteve sugestões para aprimoramento dos conteúdos e a compreensão pelos familiares da UTIN como um ambiente de cuidado e de acolhimento, além disso, permitiu reflexões sobre a percepção de dispor material educativo, não para substituir uma orientação profissional, mas como um instrumento instrutivo que facilita e uniformiza as orientações a serem realizadas, no sentido de compreender o processo de hospitalização, promovendo educação em saúde, prevenindo doenças, desenvolvendo habilidades, favorecendo a autonomia e auxiliando no vínculo profissional/família.
Introduction: The care of hospitalized children has shown changes that include family participation in daily activities, flexibility in schedules visits and a closer relationship with health professionals. The preparation and apprehension of the perception of educational material for relatives of newborns assisted in neonatal intensive care, considering the need to strengthen the bond between family and multidisciplinary team due to improve the understanding of the child's staying in care units critical. Objective: To develop and apprehend the perception of educational material for newborns relatives assisted in intensive neonatal care unit of a teaching hospital. Method: This is a qualitative study, carried out in a neonatal intensive care unit of a teaching hospital, which was developed in four stages: 1st stage: a review of non systematic literature was performed in order to identify experiences and routines health professionals NICU; Step 2: was prepared educational material primer type, based on the literature review, the rules and routines that include the history of newborns's familiy when admitted to the NICU, with help of a graphic designer for graphics, organization and artwork content; Step 3: constituted the perception of the content of educational materials by the unit of health professionals; Step 4: After contemplation of the professionals and the improvement of the booklet suggestions, the instrument was presented to the reference family of the newborn hospitalized. Individual interviews were recorded by smartphone device and subsequently transcribed, respecting the veracity of the information. Data analysis was performed by content analysis, according to Bardin. Results: The resulting educational material was designed and developed by the researcher, with the help of a graphic designer. The drawings were scanned using Phostoshop CS5 13.0X32 program on a half sheet of A4 size (210x297mm) in Couche paper with text always accompanied by illustrations. The study included 17 healthcare professionals, 16 women and one man, aged 22-57 years, the service time in the NICU was two to 27 years. Concerning family, in this study 10 families were interviewed nine mothers and a father, aged 20 to 40 years. Emerging results arising from the guiding questions directed to professionals and family members were organized into the following thematic categories: Compliance with the information contained in educational material; Agreement on the content and final art educational material; improvement suggestions on the content and final art educational material; The NICU is a special care environment, but also the host for the child and family; Equipment and materials in a Neonatal ICU have functions and should be handled by trained professionals; recommended behavior during the visit in the NICU; Written communication reinforces the spoken guidance; Keep the booklet format as educational material; Recognizing that educational material does not replace the guidance performed by a trained professional. Final remarks: The preparation of educational materials promoted concordances and got suggestions for improvement of content and understanding by family members of the NICU as a care environment and host, moreover, allowed for further reflection on the perception of available educational material, not to replace a professional guidance, but as an instructional tool that facilitates and standardizes the guidelines to be carried out in order to understand the process of hospitalization, promoting health education, preventing disease, developing skills, promoting autonomy and assisting in the professional / family bond.
Introduction: The care of hospitalized children has shown changes that include family participation in daily activities, flexibility in schedules visits and a closer relationship with health professionals. The preparation and apprehension of the perception of educational material for relatives of newborns assisted in neonatal intensive care, considering the need to strengthen the bond between family and multidisciplinary team due to improve the understanding of the child's staying in care units critical. Objective: To develop and apprehend the perception of educational material for newborns relatives assisted in intensive neonatal care unit of a teaching hospital. Method: This is a qualitative study, carried out in a neonatal intensive care unit of a teaching hospital, which was developed in four stages: 1st stage: a review of non systematic literature was performed in order to identify experiences and routines health professionals NICU; Step 2: was prepared educational material primer type, based on the literature review, the rules and routines that include the history of newborns's familiy when admitted to the NICU, with help of a graphic designer for graphics, organization and artwork content; Step 3: constituted the perception of the content of educational materials by the unit of health professionals; Step 4: After contemplation of the professionals and the improvement of the booklet suggestions, the instrument was presented to the reference family of the newborn hospitalized. Individual interviews were recorded by smartphone device and subsequently transcribed, respecting the veracity of the information. Data analysis was performed by content analysis, according to Bardin. Results: The resulting educational material was designed and developed by the researcher, with the help of a graphic designer. The drawings were scanned using Phostoshop CS5 13.0X32 program on a half sheet of A4 size (210x297mm) in Couche paper with text always accompanied by illustrations. The study included 17 healthcare professionals, 16 women and one man, aged 22-57 years, the service time in the NICU was two to 27 years. Concerning family, in this study 10 families were interviewed nine mothers and a father, aged 20 to 40 years. Emerging results arising from the guiding questions directed to professionals and family members were organized into the following thematic categories: Compliance with the information contained in educational material; Agreement on the content and final art educational material; improvement suggestions on the content and final art educational material; The NICU is a special care environment, but also the host for the child and family; Equipment and materials in a Neonatal ICU have functions and should be handled by trained professionals; recommended behavior during the visit in the NICU; Written communication reinforces the spoken guidance; Keep the booklet format as educational material; Recognizing that educational material does not replace the guidance performed by a trained professional. Final remarks: The preparation of educational materials promoted concordances and got suggestions for improvement of content and understanding by family members of the NICU as a care environment and host, moreover, allowed for further reflection on the perception of available educational material, not to replace a professional guidance, but as an instructional tool that facilitates and standardizes the guidelines to be carried out in order to understand the process of hospitalization, promoting health education, preventing disease, developing skills, promoting autonomy and assisting in the professional / family bond.
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Palavras-chave
Comunicação em saúde, Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, Relações profissional-família, Health communication, Neonatal intensive care unit, Professional-family relation