Qualidade da carne de bovinos recriados em pastagens associada a suplementação e terminação a pasto ou no confinamento
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Data
2016-01-18
Autores
Ferrari, Adriana Cristina [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar se o histórico de recria no período das águas influenciou a qualidade da carne de tourinhos Nelore terminados no período seco em pasto ou confinamento. Durante a fase de recria os animais foram mantidos, em pasto de capim Marandu manejados em diferentes alturas de pastejo (15; 25 e 35 cm) em lotação continua e taxa de lotação variável, combinado com estratégias de suplementação e terminados no período seco, em pastagens com a dieta suplementada ou confinamento. O trabalho foi constituido de dois experimentos, do ano de 2012/2013, capitulo 2 e ano de 2013/2014, capítulo 3. No primeiro experimento, capitulo 2, foram coletadas amostras de carne de animais provenientes de seis tratamentos: ABSA- recria em pasto de 15 cm de altura e suplemento de 0,6% PC; AMSM- recria em pasto 25 cm de altura e suplemento de 0,3% PC; AASM- recria em pasto de 35 cm de altura e suplemento mineral, cada tratamento com terminação em pasto ou confinamento com nove repetições (animais). Foram utilizadas amostras do M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), retiradas da meia-carcaça esquerda, entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas, posteriormente embaladas em filme plástico e, após 24 horas de resfriamento as amostras foram congeladas a -20ºC. Procedeu-se as determinações da maciez (força de cisalhamento) e perdas por cocção, coloração da carne e da gordura subcutânea, pH, composição centesimal, teor de colágeno e porcentagem de gordura intramuscular avaliados em Espec¬trofotômetro Infravermelho Próximo (NIR) FOSS FoodScan™ e o perfil de ácidos graxos. O experimento foi conduzido de acordo com o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (3 x 2), sendo três sistemas de recria (ABSA, AMSM ou AASS) e dois sistemas de terminação (pastagens ou confinamento), com nove repetições (animais) por tratamento (n = 54), foram aplicados testes de normalidade e análise de variância (P<0,05), usando os procedimentos PROC MIXED do software SAS®. O sistema de terminação influenciou a cor da gordura. Os tratamentos de menor nível de suplementação produziram animais com carne com menor intensidade de vermelho e maior intensidade de amarelo. Os tratamentos resultaram em carnes escuras, com baixa intensidade de vermelho e amarelo, estes resultados foram em função do pH final da carcaça dos animais, média de 6,23, o que caracteriza uma carne DFD (dark, firm and dry) o que mascarou o efeito do tratamento nas variáveis de cor da carne, maciez e perdas por cocção. A concentração do ácido miristico (C14:0) foi maior em animais terminados em confinamento. No segundo experimento, capitulo 3, foram coletadas amostras de carne de animais provenientes de 4 tratamentos: AMSA- recria em pasto 25 cm de altura e suplemento de 0,3% PC; AASB- recria em pasto de 35 cm de altura e suplemento mineral, na fase de transição águas-seca (meses de abril, maio e junho), aumentou o nível de suplemento, ou seja, suplemento multiplo na quantidade de 0,6% do PC e proteinado de baixo consumo de 0,1% do PC, para as altura 25 cm e 35 cm respectivamente, metade dos animais de cada tratamento foram terminados em pasto e outra metade no confinamento com seis repetições (animais) cada. Além das variáveis analisadas no primeiro experimento, neste estudo também foram quantificadas a frequência e área das fibras musculares, o comprimento de sarcômero, o índice de fragmentação miofibrilar e a oxidação lipídica. Na análise dos dados foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (2 x 2), sendo dois sistemas de recria (AMSA ou AASB) e dois sistemas de terminação (pastagens ou confinamento), com seis repetições (animais) por tratamento (n = 24) Foram aplicados testes de normalidade e análise de variância (P<0,05), usando os procedimentos PROC MIXED do software SAS®. Animais terminados em pasto apresentaram maiores concentrações dos ácidos linileico, ácidos poliinsaturados e relação poliinsaturados: saturados e ω6:ω3. A terminação em confinamento proporcionou concentrações superiores de ácido palmitico e α linilenico. Não houve diferença significativa quanto a frequência e área das fibras musculares, cor e composição química.
The objective of this study was to verify if the growing phase influenced the meat quality of Nelore (bos indicus) beef finished on pasture or feedlot systems. The animals were kept during the growing phase, in Marandu grass pasture managed at different grazing height (15, 25 and 35 cm) in continuous grazing and variable stocking rate associated with supplementation strategies, and finished in the dry season in pastures with supplemented diet or feedlot system. The research was composed of two experiments, 2012/2013, Chapter 2 and year 2013/2014, chapter 3. In the first experiment, chapter 2, six treatments were evaluated: LHHS) growing on pasture of 15 cm height and 0.6% body weigt-BW supplementation; MHMS) rearing on pasture of 25 cm height and supplement 0 3% PC; HHLS) growing on pasture of 35 cm height and mineral, half os animals of each rearing treatment were finished on pastured associated with supplementation and other half finished on feedlot system with nine replications (animals) in each treatment. Samples of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), from the left half carcass between the 12th and 13th ribs were removed, then packed in plastic film, refrigerated for 24 hours and then frozen at -20 ° C. The samples were analyzed for softness determinations (shear force) and cooking losses, the color of the meat and subcutaneous fat, pH, chemical composition, collagen content and the percentage of intramuscular fat in Spec-trofotômetro Near Infrared (NIR) FOSS FoodScan ™ and the fatty acid profile. The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (3 x 2), with three growing strategies (LHHS, MHMS or HHLS) and two finishing systems (pasture or feedlot) with nine replicates (animals) by treatment (n = 54), normality and variance analysis tests were applied (P <0.05), using the procedures PROC MIXED of SAS ® software. The finishing system influencied the fat color. Treatments with lower levels os supplementation produced meats with lower intensity of redness and higher intensity of yellowness. The average of pH were 6,23, that characterizes a meat DFD (dark, firm and dry) and masks the effect of treatment in the meat color, shear force, and cooking losses variables. Animal finished in feedlot system had more meristic acid than pasture finish In the second experiment, chapter 3, animal meat samples were collected from four treatments: MHHS- recreates in pasture 25 cm and 0.3% PC supplement; HHLS- recreates in pasture 35 cm and mineral supplement, finishing in pasture or confinement with six replications (animals) each treatment. On the transition phase water-dry (April, May and June), the supplementation level were increased, ie, multiplo supplement in the amount of 0.6% of the PC and protein of low consumption of 0.1% of the PC, to the height 25 cm and 35 cm respectively. In addition to the variables evaluated in the first experiment, this were also quantified the frequency and area of muscle fibers, the sarcomere length, the myofibril fragmentation and lipid oxidation. The data were analysed according a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (2 x 2), with two rearing systems (MHHS or HHLS) and two finishing systems (pasture or feedlot) with six replicates (animals) by treatment (n = 24) to evaluate the effect of rearing historic and finishing system on meat quality. Normality and variance analysis tests were used (P <0.05) using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS ® software. Animals finished in pasture had higher concentration of linolenic acid, polyunsaturated acids and relation of ω6:ω3. Feedlot finishing had more palmitic acid and α linolenic acid than pasture. There was no significant diference on muscle fiber frequency and area, fat and meat color and chemistry composition.
The objective of this study was to verify if the growing phase influenced the meat quality of Nelore (bos indicus) beef finished on pasture or feedlot systems. The animals were kept during the growing phase, in Marandu grass pasture managed at different grazing height (15, 25 and 35 cm) in continuous grazing and variable stocking rate associated with supplementation strategies, and finished in the dry season in pastures with supplemented diet or feedlot system. The research was composed of two experiments, 2012/2013, Chapter 2 and year 2013/2014, chapter 3. In the first experiment, chapter 2, six treatments were evaluated: LHHS) growing on pasture of 15 cm height and 0.6% body weigt-BW supplementation; MHMS) rearing on pasture of 25 cm height and supplement 0 3% PC; HHLS) growing on pasture of 35 cm height and mineral, half os animals of each rearing treatment were finished on pastured associated with supplementation and other half finished on feedlot system with nine replications (animals) in each treatment. Samples of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), from the left half carcass between the 12th and 13th ribs were removed, then packed in plastic film, refrigerated for 24 hours and then frozen at -20 ° C. The samples were analyzed for softness determinations (shear force) and cooking losses, the color of the meat and subcutaneous fat, pH, chemical composition, collagen content and the percentage of intramuscular fat in Spec-trofotômetro Near Infrared (NIR) FOSS FoodScan ™ and the fatty acid profile. The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (3 x 2), with three growing strategies (LHHS, MHMS or HHLS) and two finishing systems (pasture or feedlot) with nine replicates (animals) by treatment (n = 54), normality and variance analysis tests were applied (P <0.05), using the procedures PROC MIXED of SAS ® software. The finishing system influencied the fat color. Treatments with lower levels os supplementation produced meats with lower intensity of redness and higher intensity of yellowness. The average of pH were 6,23, that characterizes a meat DFD (dark, firm and dry) and masks the effect of treatment in the meat color, shear force, and cooking losses variables. Animal finished in feedlot system had more meristic acid than pasture finish In the second experiment, chapter 3, animal meat samples were collected from four treatments: MHHS- recreates in pasture 25 cm and 0.3% PC supplement; HHLS- recreates in pasture 35 cm and mineral supplement, finishing in pasture or confinement with six replications (animals) each treatment. On the transition phase water-dry (April, May and June), the supplementation level were increased, ie, multiplo supplement in the amount of 0.6% of the PC and protein of low consumption of 0.1% of the PC, to the height 25 cm and 35 cm respectively. In addition to the variables evaluated in the first experiment, this were also quantified the frequency and area of muscle fibers, the sarcomere length, the myofibril fragmentation and lipid oxidation. The data were analysed according a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (2 x 2), with two rearing systems (MHHS or HHLS) and two finishing systems (pasture or feedlot) with six replicates (animals) by treatment (n = 24) to evaluate the effect of rearing historic and finishing system on meat quality. Normality and variance analysis tests were used (P <0.05) using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS ® software. Animals finished in pasture had higher concentration of linolenic acid, polyunsaturated acids and relation of ω6:ω3. Feedlot finishing had more palmitic acid and α linolenic acid than pasture. There was no significant diference on muscle fiber frequency and area, fat and meat color and chemistry composition.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Altura de pastejo, Fase de recria, Proteinado de baixo consumo, Suplementação a pasto, Grazing height, Growing phase, Low protein consumption, Meat quality, Supplementation