Avaliação técnica e econômica de um biodigestor de fluxo tubular: estudo de caso do modelo implantado na etec "orlando quagliato" em Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, SP
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Data
2016-03-24
Autores
Silva, José Eder Pereira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Tendo em vista os problemas ambientais relativos as contaminações do solo e da agua oriundas dos dejetos produzidos em propriedades rurais, objetivou-se avaliar economicamente um biodigestor de fluxo contínuo, instalado na Escola Técnica Estadual “Orlando Quagliato”, situada no município de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo-SP, bem como o processo de biodigestão anaeróbia e consequente produção de biofertilizante e biogás, oriundos dos dejetos de suínos e humanos. Os dejetos foram provenientes da suinocultura, que conta com 15 matrizes totalizando 148 animais, e dejetos humanos referente aos blocos de alojamentos para 200 alunos residentes, os quais diariamente são enviados para o biodigestor. O biodigestor em questão foi instalado com intuito de diminuir a contaminação do meio ambiente, produzir biogás e biofertilizante para utilização nos projetos produtivos da própria instituição escolar. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas do biofertilizante com a finalidade de avaliar a sua qualidade, no que tange a composição química e presença de microorganismos patogênicos para definição de sua utilização na agricultura. Considerando a produção de dejetos, realizou-se estimativa da produção de biogás, objetivando o potencial das receitas do processo. Foram analisados os custos de implantação, manutenção e depreciação. Os benefícios anuais foram dados pelo valor econômico dos nutrientes presentes no biofertilizante e pela produção de biogás estimada. Também foram estimados indicadores de viabilidade econômica, como Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), PayBack (PB) e Ponto de Equilíbrio, utilizando uma taxa de desconto de 10,38% a.a. O investimento inicial para implantação atualizado foi de R$ 184.601,84 e os custos anuais do sistema foram de R$ 1.218,12 com manutenção e R$ 18.460,00 com depreciação. O benefício obtido com o emprego do biofertilizante foi de R$ 6.267,05.ano-1 e com produção de biogás equivalente estimada em R$ 24.594,86.ano-1, totalizando uma receita de R$ 30.861,91, expondo benefícios superiores aos custos anuais. Ficou evidenciado que tanto o biogás quanto o biofertilizante não são aproveitados plenamente, demonstrando ainda que o projeto foi superdimensionado na sua implantação considerando o plantel de suínos existentes, embora existam perspectivas para aumento do setor suinícola.
In view of the environmental problems of soil contamination to and from the water coming from the waste produced in farms aimed to economically evaluate a continuous flow digester, installed in the State Technical School "Orlando Quagliato", located in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo-SP, as well as the process of anaerobic digestion and consequent production of bio-fertilizer and biogas, derived from pig manure and human. The waste came from pig farming, which has 15 arrays totaling 148 animals, and human waste relating to the accommodation blocks for 200 resident students, who every day are sent to the digester. The biodigester in question was installed in order to reduce contamination of the environment, produce biogas and biofertilizers for use in productive projects of their own educational institution. physico-chemical and microbiological analyzes of biofertilizers were conducted in order to assess their quality, with respect to chemical composition and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms to define its use in agriculture. Considering the production of waste, there was estimated biogas production, aiming the potential revenue in the process. deployment costs, maintenance and depreciation were analyzed. The annual benefits were given the economic value of the nutrients present in biofertilizers and the estimated biogas production. Were also estimated economic viability indicators, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), Payback (PB) and Balance, using a discount rate of 10.38% p.a. The initial investment was estimated at R$ 184,601.84 and the system annual costs were R$ 1.218,12 with maintenance and R$ 18.460,00 with depreciation. The benefit obtained by biofertilizer use was R$ 6.267,05.ano-1 and biogas production equivalent around R$ 24.594,86.ano-1, totaling a revenue of R$ 30.861,91, exhibiting superior benefits annual costs. This study revealed that as much biogas as biofertilizers are not used fully, further demonstrating that the project was oversized in its implementation, considering the amount of existing animals, although there are prospects for increased this sector.
In view of the environmental problems of soil contamination to and from the water coming from the waste produced in farms aimed to economically evaluate a continuous flow digester, installed in the State Technical School "Orlando Quagliato", located in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo-SP, as well as the process of anaerobic digestion and consequent production of bio-fertilizer and biogas, derived from pig manure and human. The waste came from pig farming, which has 15 arrays totaling 148 animals, and human waste relating to the accommodation blocks for 200 resident students, who every day are sent to the digester. The biodigester in question was installed in order to reduce contamination of the environment, produce biogas and biofertilizers for use in productive projects of their own educational institution. physico-chemical and microbiological analyzes of biofertilizers were conducted in order to assess their quality, with respect to chemical composition and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms to define its use in agriculture. Considering the production of waste, there was estimated biogas production, aiming the potential revenue in the process. deployment costs, maintenance and depreciation were analyzed. The annual benefits were given the economic value of the nutrients present in biofertilizers and the estimated biogas production. Were also estimated economic viability indicators, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), Payback (PB) and Balance, using a discount rate of 10.38% p.a. The initial investment was estimated at R$ 184,601.84 and the system annual costs were R$ 1.218,12 with maintenance and R$ 18.460,00 with depreciation. The benefit obtained by biofertilizer use was R$ 6.267,05.ano-1 and biogas production equivalent around R$ 24.594,86.ano-1, totaling a revenue of R$ 30.861,91, exhibiting superior benefits annual costs. This study revealed that as much biogas as biofertilizers are not used fully, further demonstrating that the project was oversized in its implementation, considering the amount of existing animals, although there are prospects for increased this sector.
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Palavras-chave
Biofertilizante, Biogás, Biodigestão anaeróbia, Dejetos, Biofertilizer, Biogas, Anaerobic digestion, Waste