Desempenho de pré-escolares com queixa de Distúrbios da Comunicação no Preschool Language Assessment Instrument (Plai-2)
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Data
2016-04-25
Autores
Moreira, Tamires Soares [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Comunicação Humana envolve habilidades de recepção (entrada) e expressão (saída) da linguagem, que o indivíduo desenvolve, sejam elas relativas à fala, à escrita ou por meio de gestos. A avaliação da comunicação humana tem por objetivo levantar hipóteses diagnósticas e pode ser feita com o uso de testes padronizados. O Preschool Language Assessment Instrument – Second Edition (PLAI-2) é um instrumento norte-americano recém-traduzido e adaptado para o Português Brasileiro. Trata-se de um teste formal, utilizado para avaliar habilidades comunicativas em nível de recepção e expressão de crianças em idade pré-escolar. As habilidades comunicativas do PLAI-2 estão de acordo com quatro níveis de habilidade comunicativa: (1) escolha, que é a habilidade comunicativa mais elementar, somente vinculada a objetos tangíveis; (2) análise seletiva, item em que a criança deve responder a aspectos mais seletivos mediante uma situação controlada; (3) análise perceptual, que exige que a criança resista aos demais componentes e responda de acordo com as suas experiências o que está de acordo com a ordem solicitada; (4) raciocínio, que é a habilidade mais complexa da habilidade comunicativa e corresponde ao que a criança pensa sobre o que poderia, pode ou que aconteceria diante de determinadas condições. Este estudo teve como objetivos (1) verificar o desempenho de crianças com distúrbios de comunicação na versão brasileira do PLAI-2 e comparar com o desempenho de crianças com desenvolvimento típico; (2) verificar se a versão brasileira do PLAI-2 discrimina crianças com Transtorno de Linguagem de outras crianças com demais distúrbios da comunicação; (3) verificar se a versão brasileira do PLAI-2 diferencia graus de comprometimentos dos Distúrbios de linguagem. Participaram deste estudo 52 crianças com Distúrbios da Comunicação (23 com transtorno de linguagem, 24 com transtorno fonológico, 2 com gagueira e 3 com alteração de motricidade orofacial) e 104 crianças do grupo comparativo, com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste estatístico. Os resultados da comparação entre o grupo de Distúrbios da Comunicação ao grupo comparativo indicaram que as crianças com Distúrbios da Comunicação apresentaram desempenho abaixo quando comparado ao grupo comparativo com diferenças estatisticamente significantes na maioria dos itens e subitens do PLAI-2, em todos os grupos etários. Na comparação entre os subgrupos amostrais, os resultados mostraram que crianças com Transtorno de Linguagem, apresentaram escores abaixo em todos os itens e subitens do teste, quando comparadas a crianças que apresentam outros transtornos, como o Transtorno fonológico, a Gagueira e as Alterações de Motricidade Orofacial. Quanto ao grau de comprometimento, os resultados apontaram para uma correlação positiva entre o grau de comprometimento atribuído na avaliação clínica e o grau do comprometimento de linguagem do PLAI-2, em crianças com Transtorno de Linguagem. Após a análise dos resultados, foi possível concluir que (1) crianças com Distúrbios da Comunicação apresentaram, no PLAI-2, desempenho abaixo quando comparados ao desempenho de crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem; (2) a versão brasileira do PLAI-2 foi capaz de discriminar o desempenho de crianças com Transtorno de Linguagem de crianças com outros transtornos (Transtorno Fonológico, Gagueira e Alterações de Motricidade Orofacial); (3) a versão brasileira do PLAI-2 diferenciou graus de comprometimento dos quadros de Transtorno de linguagem.
The Human Communication involves receiving skills (input) and expression (output) of language, the individual develops these skills, whether spoken, written or through gestures. The assessment of human communication aims to raise diagnostic hypotheses, and can be done with the use of standardized tests. The Preschool Language Assessment Instrument - Second Edition (PLAI-2) is an American instrument newly translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. This is a formal test used to assess communication skills in both inbound and expression of children in preschool age. The PLAI-2 communication skills according to four levels of communication skills:(1) choice, which is the most basic communication skills, only linked to tangible objects; (2) selective analysis item in which the child must answer more selective aspects through a controlled situation; (3) perceptual analysis, which requires the child to resist other components and respond according to their experiences which is in accordance with the order being requested; (4) reasoning, which is the most complex skill of communicative ability and corresponds to what the child thinks about what might, could or would happen before certain conditions. This study aimed to (1) verify the performance of children with communication disorders in the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 and compare the performance of children with typical development; (2) verify that the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 discriminates children with language disorder of other children with other communication disorders; (3) verify that the Brazilian version PLAI-2 different degrees of impairment of language disorders. The study included 52 children with communication disorders (23 with language disorder, 24 with phonological disorders, stuttering with two and three changes of orofacial motor skills) and 104 children in the comparison group, with typical language development. The data were analyzed using the statistical test. The results of the comparison between the Communication Disorders group the comparison group, indicated that children with communication disorders performed below when compared to the comparison group with statistically significant differences in most of the items and sub-items of PLAI-2 in all groups age. Comparing the sample subgroups, the results showed that children with language disorder, with scores below on all items and test sub-items, compared to children with other disorders such as phonological disorder, Stuttering and Change Motricity orofacial. As for the degree of commitment, the results point to a positive correlation between the degree of commitment given in the clinical evaluation and the degree of language impairment of PLAI-2 in children with language disorder. After analyzing the results it was concluded that (1) children with communication disorders presented performance PLAI-2 below when compared to the performance of children with typical language development; (2) the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 was able to discriminate the performance of children with Language Disorder of children with other disorders (Phonological Disorder, Stuttering and Orofacial Motricity changes); and (3) the Brazilian version of PLAI-2, differentiated degrees of impairment of language disorder frames.
The Human Communication involves receiving skills (input) and expression (output) of language, the individual develops these skills, whether spoken, written or through gestures. The assessment of human communication aims to raise diagnostic hypotheses, and can be done with the use of standardized tests. The Preschool Language Assessment Instrument - Second Edition (PLAI-2) is an American instrument newly translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. This is a formal test used to assess communication skills in both inbound and expression of children in preschool age. The PLAI-2 communication skills according to four levels of communication skills:(1) choice, which is the most basic communication skills, only linked to tangible objects; (2) selective analysis item in which the child must answer more selective aspects through a controlled situation; (3) perceptual analysis, which requires the child to resist other components and respond according to their experiences which is in accordance with the order being requested; (4) reasoning, which is the most complex skill of communicative ability and corresponds to what the child thinks about what might, could or would happen before certain conditions. This study aimed to (1) verify the performance of children with communication disorders in the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 and compare the performance of children with typical development; (2) verify that the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 discriminates children with language disorder of other children with other communication disorders; (3) verify that the Brazilian version PLAI-2 different degrees of impairment of language disorders. The study included 52 children with communication disorders (23 with language disorder, 24 with phonological disorders, stuttering with two and three changes of orofacial motor skills) and 104 children in the comparison group, with typical language development. The data were analyzed using the statistical test. The results of the comparison between the Communication Disorders group the comparison group, indicated that children with communication disorders performed below when compared to the comparison group with statistically significant differences in most of the items and sub-items of PLAI-2 in all groups age. Comparing the sample subgroups, the results showed that children with language disorder, with scores below on all items and test sub-items, compared to children with other disorders such as phonological disorder, Stuttering and Change Motricity orofacial. As for the degree of commitment, the results point to a positive correlation between the degree of commitment given in the clinical evaluation and the degree of language impairment of PLAI-2 in children with language disorder. After analyzing the results it was concluded that (1) children with communication disorders presented performance PLAI-2 below when compared to the performance of children with typical language development; (2) the Brazilian version of PLAI-2 was able to discriminate the performance of children with Language Disorder of children with other disorders (Phonological Disorder, Stuttering and Orofacial Motricity changes); and (3) the Brazilian version of PLAI-2, differentiated degrees of impairment of language disorder frames.
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Palavras-chave
Comunicação, Distúrbios da Comunicação, Plai-2, Pré-escolar, Communication, Communication disorders, Preschool, PLAI-2