Montagem e avaliação de um sistema de varredura a LASER embarcado em VANT
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Data
2016-03-31
Autores
Torres, Fernanda Magri [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o avanço da tecnologia, sistemas de varredura a LASER vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados como alternativa e, principalmente, como fonte de dados complementar aos procedimentos fotogramétricos convencionais em atividades de mapeamento e estudos ambientais. Os principais motivos que incentivaram o uso de sistemas a varredura a LASER para fins de mapeamento são o levantamento tridimensional da cena e a característica de “penetração” do sinal na vegetação. Apesar destas vantagens, o custo de sistemas de varredura a LASER e das missões de aerolevantamento é alto. Estudos que dependem de Sensoriamento Remoto aéreo com alta frequência temporal são muitas vezes limitados, pois os métodos convencionais aéreos com veículos tripulados são geralmente caros e, assim, não são acessíveis para estudos detalhados que requerem informação de séries temporais de pequenas áreas. Para estas situações, a nova tecnologia baseada em VANT pode ser uma alternativa viável e de baixo custo. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma plataforma de mapeamento de baixo custo, composta por um sistema de varredura a LASER embarcado em VANT, destacando-se as etapas de integração e sincronização do sistema de varredura a LASER com os sistemas de posicionamento e navegação integrados, a aquisição e processamento dos dados e a interpretação e análise dos resultados visando avaliar a precisão obtida e a aplicabilidade do sistema em áreas de florestas. Para a avaliação do sistema foram realizados experimentos em duas áreas distintas com diferentes alturas de voo, comprovando-se que esta tecnologia pode ser usada para a geração de dados tridimensionais.
Technology development has improving the use of LASER scanning systems as an alternative and, mainly, as a complementary data source to conventional photogrammetric procedures in mapping and environmental study activities. The main reasons that encouraged the use of LASER scanning systems for mapping purposes are the three-dimensional surveying of the scene and the characteristic of signal penetration in vegetation. Despite these advantages, costs of LASER scanning systems and airborne surveying missions are high. Studies that depend on aerial Remote Sensing with high temporal frequency are often limited because aerial conventional methods with manned aircrafts are generally expensive and so are affordable for detailed studies of small areas requiring temporal series information. For these situations, the new lightweight UAV-based technology can be a viable and cost effective alternative. This work deals with the development and evaluation of a low cost mapping platform composed by a LASER scanning system boarded in a small UAV, highlighting the steps of integration and synchronization of the LASER scanning system with the positioning and navigation systems integrated, the acquisition and processing of data and the interpretation and analysis of the results obtained to evaluate the precision and applicability of the system in forest areas. Experimental assessment was done in two areas with different flight heights and the results were compatible with the required accuracy.
Technology development has improving the use of LASER scanning systems as an alternative and, mainly, as a complementary data source to conventional photogrammetric procedures in mapping and environmental study activities. The main reasons that encouraged the use of LASER scanning systems for mapping purposes are the three-dimensional surveying of the scene and the characteristic of signal penetration in vegetation. Despite these advantages, costs of LASER scanning systems and airborne surveying missions are high. Studies that depend on aerial Remote Sensing with high temporal frequency are often limited because aerial conventional methods with manned aircrafts are generally expensive and so are affordable for detailed studies of small areas requiring temporal series information. For these situations, the new lightweight UAV-based technology can be a viable and cost effective alternative. This work deals with the development and evaluation of a low cost mapping platform composed by a LASER scanning system boarded in a small UAV, highlighting the steps of integration and synchronization of the LASER scanning system with the positioning and navigation systems integrated, the acquisition and processing of data and the interpretation and analysis of the results obtained to evaluate the precision and applicability of the system in forest areas. Experimental assessment was done in two areas with different flight heights and the results were compatible with the required accuracy.
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Palavras-chave
Sistema de varredura a LASER, Sistema de posicionamento e navegação, SVLA, VANT, LASER scanning system, Positioning and navigation system, ALS, UAV