O papel das concessões de rodovias na normatização do território brasileiro e suas relações com a circulação
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Data
2016-03-23
Autores
Oliveira, Cássio Antunes de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as concessões de rodovias no Brasil elucidando suas principais consequências para o processo de circulação, entendida como uma das etapas do processo de produção. Assim, interpretar esse processo relativamente recente no Brasil e que está se expandindo se coloca na agenda de estudos da Geografia Econômica atual. No país, há programas federais e estaduais de concessões de rodovias, porém, não existe padronização entre eles. Ambos os programas apresentam muitas diferenças entre si. Do ponto de vista do espaço geográfico regional as concessões até o ano de 2013 se concentravam nos estados mais dinâmicos economicamente ou em áreas específicas das unidades federativas menos dinâmicas. Neste sentido, as diferenciações regionais, na última etapa do processo de concessões de rodovias federais, trechos foram concedidos em unidades da federação que ainda não tinham concessões. Em 2016 já são treze unidades federativas e o Distrito Federal com rodovias concedidas para a iniciativa privada. Foi dado foco às consequências das concessões considerando o papel do Estado nesse processo, na forma em que interfere na atuação dos agentes econômicos e quem são e qual é o perfil dos principais grupos que atuam no negócio das concessões de rodovias no Brasil. Além disso, também buscou compreender o processo de privatizações e de concessões na escala mundial e a maneira pela qual o Brasil incorporou as políticas neoliberais que mostraram-se desastrosas nas décadas de 1980 e de 1990. Outra dimensão analisada é a organização do território fluido por meio de normatizações mundiais com objetivo de facilitar a atuação corporativa. Conclui-se que, ao longo do processo de concessões de rodovias no Brasil foram firmadas alianças e ocorreu a criação de grupos e conglomerados ligados ao negócio das concessões, tendo o Estado como um dos parceiros e juntamente com estes agentes econômicos de grande envergadura. Cinco conglomerados e dois grupos concentram mais de 14 mil quilômetros de concessões de rodovias dos 19 mil concedidos em 2016 no Brasil.
The aim of the research was to analize the highway concessions in Brazil and your main consequences to the circulation process, known such as one of steps of the production process. Thus, the interpretation of this relatively new process in Brazil whose have been expanded, concerns to the economic geography schedule nowadays. In the country, there are federal and regional programs for highway concession, but there is not a pattern among them. The programs have differences between them. From a point of view of the geographic space, the concessions until 2013 has concentrated in the states with most economic dynamism or other specific less dynamic areas . By the way, in the last stage of the highway concession process, pieces of road was conceded, given in federation unity without concessions. In 2016 there’s thirteen federal units with roads conceded by private businees. In this reasearch was given focus for consequences of concessions considering the role of State and its interference for economic agents work and the profile of main groups that work in the highway concessions business. In addition, we also try to understand the privatization and concession process worlwide and the way that Brazil set the disastrous neoliberal politics in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Other dimension analized was the organization of fluid territory throught worldwide normatizations. Therefore, throughout the process of highway concession in Brazil, the State made alliances among economic groups, forming big groups and conglomerates linked to the concessions business, the State was one of main partner and planner. Just five conglomerates and two groups concentrate more than fourteen thousand kilometers of conceded highway at the total of nineteen thousand conceded in Brazil.
The aim of the research was to analize the highway concessions in Brazil and your main consequences to the circulation process, known such as one of steps of the production process. Thus, the interpretation of this relatively new process in Brazil whose have been expanded, concerns to the economic geography schedule nowadays. In the country, there are federal and regional programs for highway concession, but there is not a pattern among them. The programs have differences between them. From a point of view of the geographic space, the concessions until 2013 has concentrated in the states with most economic dynamism or other specific less dynamic areas . By the way, in the last stage of the highway concession process, pieces of road was conceded, given in federation unity without concessions. In 2016 there’s thirteen federal units with roads conceded by private businees. In this reasearch was given focus for consequences of concessions considering the role of State and its interference for economic agents work and the profile of main groups that work in the highway concessions business. In addition, we also try to understand the privatization and concession process worlwide and the way that Brazil set the disastrous neoliberal politics in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Other dimension analized was the organization of fluid territory throught worldwide normatizations. Therefore, throughout the process of highway concession in Brazil, the State made alliances among economic groups, forming big groups and conglomerates linked to the concessions business, the State was one of main partner and planner. Just five conglomerates and two groups concentrate more than fourteen thousand kilometers of conceded highway at the total of nineteen thousand conceded in Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
Território, Circulação, Transportes, Normatização, Brasil, Territory, Circulation, Transports, Regulation