Hipertensão pulmonar em pacientes com a forma crônica indeterminada da Doença de Chagas: epidemiologia, óxido nítrico e parâmetros ecocardiográficos
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Data
2016-04-29
Autores
Costa, Érika Alessandra Pellison Nunes da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar (HAP) é caracterizada pela elevação sustentada da pressão arterial nos capilares pulmonares, com vasoconstrição e remodelação vascular local. A HAP é definida hemodinamicamente através de valores da pressão arterial pulmonar média em repouso ≥ 25 mmHg, com pressão arterial capilar ≤ 15mmHg e resistência vascular pulmonar > 3 unidades de wood. A HAP é considerada como doença rara, cujos estudos epidemiológicos europeus descrevem a incidência de 1 a 2 casos e prevalência de 15 casos de HAP por milhão de habitantes, com predomínio do sexo feminino, na razão de 1,7: 1,0 e média de idade de 37 anos. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar e o possível impacto clínico em pacientes com a forma crônica indeterminada da Doença de Chagas. Estudo transversal e observacional, onde foram incluídos 99 pacientes com a Forma Crônica Indeterminada da Doença de Chagas e 08 controles com ausência da doença. Houve exclusão de doenças prévias que pudessem ocasionar HP. Três grupos foram formados: G1 (controle), G2 (Chagas) e G3 (Chagas com suspeita de HP), através de critérios clínicos e da realização de ecocardiograma.Os indivíduos foram classificados de acordo com a Classe Funcional(NYHA) modificada para HP e submetidos à Espirometria, Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos, Dosagem de Óxido Nítrico (NO) .Predominaram gênero masculino, com idade de 55,62 ± 8,71 anos, Classe Funcional de NYHA :I-II (93,45%) e Espirometrias normais: 88 (82,24%). A dosagem de NO foi estatisticamente significante p<0,05 ao compararmos os indivíduos com Chagas ao Grupo Controle. Pacientes com suspeita de Hipertensão Pulmonar (HP) detectada no ecocardiograma com Pressão Sistólica Artéria Pulmonar (PSAP)>40mmHg, foram submetidos ao Cateterismo Cardíaco Direito e resultou em prevalência de HAP: 1,01% . O indivíduo com HAP tem 48 anos e sexo feminino, compatível com a literatura. A biodisponibilidade elevada dos níveis de NO esteve presente nos pacientes com Chagas com ou sem sintomas de HP. Os dados presentes no estudo reforçam a hipótese de que pacientes com a Forma Crônica Indeterminada da Doença de Chagas sofrem com sobrecarga de volume intravascular associada a processo inflamatório intenso com provável evolução para comprometimento cardíaco.
Pulmonary Arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by sustained elevation of arterial pressure in pulmonary capillaries, with vasoconstriction and local vascular remodeling. PAH is defined hemodynamically by mean values of Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in repose ≥ 25 mmHg, capillary arterial pressure ≤ 15mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >240 dynes/sec/cm-5. PAH is considered a rare disease, with European incidence of 1 to 2 cases and prevalence of 15 cases per million inhabitants, with predominance of females, at a 1.7-to-1.0 ratio, and mean age of 37 years. Objective: determine the prevalence of PAH and its clinical impact on patients with the indeterminate chronic form of Chagas Disease. Observational and transversal study of 99 patients with indeterminate chronic form of Chagas Disease (CD) and 08 control individuals without the disease. Patients with previous pathologies that could provoke Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) were excluded. After realization of echocardiographic exams three groups were formed: G1: control, G2: Chagas and G3: Chagas with suspicion of PH. The individuals were classified according to the Functional Class of the New York Heart Association (NYHA), and submitted to Spirometry, Six-Minute Walking Test and Serum Dosing of Nitric Oxide (NO). This was a predominantly male (54.20%), middle-aged (mean 55.62 ± 8.71 years) cohort of NYHA Functional Class I-II (93.45%) and normal Spirometries (82.24%). During echocardiograph, patients that presented Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure (PASP)>40mmHg were considered to have suspicion of PH and submitted to right cardiac catheterization, resulting in PAH prevalence of 1.01%. The patient with PAH is female, aged 48 years, and presents studied variables compatible with the literature. Elevated NO bioavailability was present in patients with Chagas with or without PH symptoms. The findings of the present study reinforce the hypothesis that patients with the indeterminate chronic form of CD suffer from an overload of intravascular volume associated with an intense inflammatory process with probable evolution to cardiac impairment.
Pulmonary Arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by sustained elevation of arterial pressure in pulmonary capillaries, with vasoconstriction and local vascular remodeling. PAH is defined hemodynamically by mean values of Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in repose ≥ 25 mmHg, capillary arterial pressure ≤ 15mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >240 dynes/sec/cm-5. PAH is considered a rare disease, with European incidence of 1 to 2 cases and prevalence of 15 cases per million inhabitants, with predominance of females, at a 1.7-to-1.0 ratio, and mean age of 37 years. Objective: determine the prevalence of PAH and its clinical impact on patients with the indeterminate chronic form of Chagas Disease. Observational and transversal study of 99 patients with indeterminate chronic form of Chagas Disease (CD) and 08 control individuals without the disease. Patients with previous pathologies that could provoke Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) were excluded. After realization of echocardiographic exams three groups were formed: G1: control, G2: Chagas and G3: Chagas with suspicion of PH. The individuals were classified according to the Functional Class of the New York Heart Association (NYHA), and submitted to Spirometry, Six-Minute Walking Test and Serum Dosing of Nitric Oxide (NO). This was a predominantly male (54.20%), middle-aged (mean 55.62 ± 8.71 years) cohort of NYHA Functional Class I-II (93.45%) and normal Spirometries (82.24%). During echocardiograph, patients that presented Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure (PASP)>40mmHg were considered to have suspicion of PH and submitted to right cardiac catheterization, resulting in PAH prevalence of 1.01%. The patient with PAH is female, aged 48 years, and presents studied variables compatible with the literature. Elevated NO bioavailability was present in patients with Chagas with or without PH symptoms. The findings of the present study reinforce the hypothesis that patients with the indeterminate chronic form of CD suffer from an overload of intravascular volume associated with an intense inflammatory process with probable evolution to cardiac impairment.
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Palavras-chave
Hipertensão arterial pulmonar, Doença de Chagas, Óxido nítrico, Ecocardiografia, Cateterismo cardíaco direito, Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Chagas Disease, Nitric oxide, Echocardiographic, Right cardiac catheterization