A obesidade e a aprendizagem da dança em escolas públicas municipais de Fortaleza – Ceará
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Data
2016-06-15
Autores
Lima, Patrícia Ribeiro Feitosa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A obesidade em crianças e adolescentes é um desafio para a sociedade brasileira. O presente estudo, caracterizado metodologicamente com predominância qualitativa, analisa as possíveis relações do sobrepeso e da obesidade no processo ensino-aprendizagem da dança educativa em crianças e adolescentes. Apropria-se da Triangulação de Métodos como procedimento de coleta de dados, desenvolvida em três etapas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: avaliação antropométrica, entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, intervenção educativa, observação participante, diário de campo, escala de avaliação da insatisfação corporal e avaliação da percepção da imagem corporal por silhuetas. Realizou-se em 18 escolas públicas municipais de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os pesquisados são 557 alunos, de ambos os sexos, que praticam dança no Programa Mais Educação, com faixa etária de seis a dezessete anos, entre obesos e não obesos. A análise dos dados foi tratada conforme a natureza de cada instrumento. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS (2003) para as análises estatísticas descritivas, nos dados quantitativos; e interpretação qualitativa e análise de conteúdo, preceituada por Bardin (2004), para os registros qualitativos. Verificou-se que, dos 557 alunos investigados, 22,1% são obesos e 15,6% estão com sobrepeso. Estes números revelam que 37,7% estão com peso corporal fora do padrão de saúde, um indicativo de risco à saúde pública da população jovem da cidade de Fortaleza. Desvelou-se a sensação de prazer ao dançar; a importância do adequado acolhimento docente para o fomento ao interesse na aprendizagem e ao bom convívio dos alunos; a timidez por parte dos alunos com sobrepeso e obesos, e a sutil revelação do preconceito social aliado à prática da dança para homens e para pessoas obesas, contrapondo-se ao sentimento de satisfação com seus corpos. O estudo conclui que a obesidade é um fator influente e quase limitante na aprendizagem da dança. Porém, considera a dança como importante recurso educativo para a promoção da saúde do obeso, especialmente, pela função de elevar a autoestima e auto aceitação dos seus praticantes, além de propiciar benesses nos aspectos da flexibilidade e da postura corporal.
Obesity in children and adolescents is a challenge for Brazilian society. This study, methodologically characterized as a qualitative predominance, analyzes the possible relationship of overweight and obesity in the teaching-learning process of the educational dance among children and adolescents. It appropriates the Triangulation Methods as a data collection procedure developed in three stages. The tools used were: anthropometric evaluation, semi-structured individual interviews, educational intervention, participant observation, field diary, rating scale of body dissatisfaction, and evaluation of the body perception through silhouettes. The survey was carried out in 18 public schools in Fortaleza, Ceará. The 557 participants are six to seventeen year-old male and female students, either obese or non-obese, who practice dance in the More Education Program. The data analysis was dealt with according to the nature of each tool. One has used the SPSS software program (2003) for the descriptive statistics analysis concerning the quantitative data; and qualitative interpretation and content analysis, stipulated by Bardin (2004), concerning the qualitative data. It was found that out of the 557 students surveyed, 22.1% are obese, and 15.6% are overweight. Those figures show that 37.7% have their body weight out of the health standard, thus indicating a risk to the public health of the young population from the city of Fortaleza. The feeling of pleasure while dancing has been unveiled; the importance of the faculty adequate hosting towards fostering the interest in learning, and the good fellowship among students; the shyness of overweight and obese students; and the subtle revelation of social prejudice associated with the practice of dance by men and obese people, as opposed to the feeling of satisfaction with their bodies. The study concludes that obesity is a contributing factor and almost a limiting one when someone is learning how to dance. However, it considers dance as an important educational resource for the health promotion of the obese, especially for raising the self-esteem and self acceptance of its practitioners, besides providing benefits in the aspects of flexibility and body posture.
Obesity in children and adolescents is a challenge for Brazilian society. This study, methodologically characterized as a qualitative predominance, analyzes the possible relationship of overweight and obesity in the teaching-learning process of the educational dance among children and adolescents. It appropriates the Triangulation Methods as a data collection procedure developed in three stages. The tools used were: anthropometric evaluation, semi-structured individual interviews, educational intervention, participant observation, field diary, rating scale of body dissatisfaction, and evaluation of the body perception through silhouettes. The survey was carried out in 18 public schools in Fortaleza, Ceará. The 557 participants are six to seventeen year-old male and female students, either obese or non-obese, who practice dance in the More Education Program. The data analysis was dealt with according to the nature of each tool. One has used the SPSS software program (2003) for the descriptive statistics analysis concerning the quantitative data; and qualitative interpretation and content analysis, stipulated by Bardin (2004), concerning the qualitative data. It was found that out of the 557 students surveyed, 22.1% are obese, and 15.6% are overweight. Those figures show that 37.7% have their body weight out of the health standard, thus indicating a risk to the public health of the young population from the city of Fortaleza. The feeling of pleasure while dancing has been unveiled; the importance of the faculty adequate hosting towards fostering the interest in learning, and the good fellowship among students; the shyness of overweight and obese students; and the subtle revelation of social prejudice associated with the practice of dance by men and obese people, as opposed to the feeling of satisfaction with their bodies. The study concludes that obesity is a contributing factor and almost a limiting one when someone is learning how to dance. However, it considers dance as an important educational resource for the health promotion of the obese, especially for raising the self-esteem and self acceptance of its practitioners, besides providing benefits in the aspects of flexibility and body posture.
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Palavras-chave
Dança educativa, Obesidade, Programa Mais Educação, Criança, Adolescente, Educational dance, Obesity, More Education Program, Child, Adolescent