Práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida no município de Assis-SP: tendência temporal de 10 anos
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Data
2016-06-27
Autores
Marim, Marina Manduca Ferreira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a tendência temporal (2001-2011) de indicadores das práticas alimentares de crianças menores de um ano no município de Assis-SP a partir de sete inquéritos transversais realizados em 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 e 2011 concomitantemente a campanhas de vacinação. Trata-se de uma série histórica. A fonte dos dados é o Projeto AMAMUNIC realizado em Assis – SP , no qual as mães ou responsáveis pelas crianças menores de um ano são entrevistadas, respondendo sobre o consumo (current status) de uma lista de alimentos no dia anterior, entre eles leite materno, outros tipos de leite, água, chá, suco, mingau, comida de sal, alimentos adoçados e outros. Os inquéritos alcançaram cobertura entre 50 e 88% do número estimado de nascidos vivos. Os indicadores da qualidade da alimentação infantil utilizados foram construídos para o presente estudo com base na literatura, considerando-se as informações disponíveis nos bancos de dados e as pequenas diferenças entre os questionários aplicados de 2001 a 2007 (versão 1) e em 2008 e 2011 (versão 2). A análise estatística envolveu regressão linear simples para teste de tendência com avaliação da adequação dos modelos pelo teste de normalidade dos resíduos por Shapiro-Wilk. Todos os indicadores referentes ao aleitamento materno apresentaram aumento positivo, sendo a tendência temporal estatisticamente significativa para Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo em menores de seis meses, com aumento de 1,77pontos percentuais/inquérito e Aleitamento Materno entre as crianças com seis a 12 meses de idade, com aumento de 1,02 ponto percentual/inquérito. O indicador Início do Aleitamento Materno na Primeira Hora de Vida apresentou percentuais “bons” (50 – 89%) segundo a OMS, nos dois anos (2008 e 2011) em que foi estudado. O indicador Oportunidade da alimentação complementar manteve-se estável, alcançando em torno de 80% das crianças na década. Metade das crianças, tanto entre as amamentadas como entre as não amamentadas, não alcançaram a Variedade mínima recomendada de 5 grupos alimentares consumidos no dia anterior. Destaca-se ainda a baixa proporção que alcançou a Frequência Mínima de Refeições, especialmente no grupo de crianças não amamentadas (7,8% em 2008 e 9,6% em 2011). Alimentos industrializados (sucos artificiais, refrigerantes, biscoitos/salgadinhos e alimentos adoçados) foram consumidos pelas crianças menores de seis meses (8,1% comeram biscoito/salgadinho industrializado em 2011) e entre as crianças com idade de seis a 12 meses o percentual de consumidores foi alto, chegando, no caso do consumo de biscoito/salgadinho industrializado, a 76% em 2008 e 65,5% em 2011. Vistos em conjunto, os resultados apontam situação distante das recomendações desde o início até o final do período para a maior parte dos indicadores, com evolução positiva dos indicadores de aleitamento materno e estabilidade nos indicadores relativos a alimentação complementar.
The aim of this study was to analyze temporal trend (2001-2011) of infant feeding practice indicators at Assis-SP, from seven cross-sectional surveys performed in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2011 concomitantly with vaccination campaigns. This is a time series. The data source is the AMAMUNIC Project conducted in Assis - SP , in which mothers or guardians of children under one year old are interviewed, inquiring about the consumption (current status) of a list of foods, liquids and solids, the day before, including breast milk, other types of milk, water, tea, juice, porridge, salt food, sweetened foods and others. The surveys cover reached between 50 and 88% coverage of the estimated number of live births in those respective years. The variables / indicators of quality infant feeding used were built for this study based on the literature, considering the information available / not available in databases and small differences between the questionnaires 2001-2007 (version 1) and in 2008 and 2011 (version 2). Statistical analysis involved simple linear regression for trend test the adequacy of models residual analysis by Shapiro-Wilk. All breastfeeding indicators showed positive increase, having the temporal trend statistically significance Exclusive Breastfeeding for infants under six months infant, an increase of 1.77 percentage points by survey year and Breastfeeding among children six to 12 months of age old, an increase of 1.02 percentage points by survey year. Breastfeeding Initiation at the first hour of life presented "good" (50 to 89%) percentage according to the WHO, in the two years (2008 and 2011) they were studied. The Opportunity indicator remained stable, reaching around 80% of children in the decade. Half of the children, breastfed and non-breastfed, did not reach the minimum recommended Variety of 5 food groups consumed the day before. Low proportion that reached the Minimum Meal Frequency, especially in the non-breastfed group (7.8% in 2008 and 9.6% in 2011). Industrialized food (artificial juices, soft drinks, biscuits/snacks and sweetened foods) were consumed by children under six months old (8.1% ate industrialized biscuit / snack in 2011) and among children aged six to 12 months old the percentage of consumers was high, reaching, in case of industrialized biscuits/snacks consumption, up to 76% in 2008 and 65.5% in 2011. Taken together, the results indicate a far status of recommendation from the beginning to the end of the period for most indicators, with positive development in breastfeeding indicators and stability in the complementary feed indicators.
The aim of this study was to analyze temporal trend (2001-2011) of infant feeding practice indicators at Assis-SP, from seven cross-sectional surveys performed in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2011 concomitantly with vaccination campaigns. This is a time series. The data source is the AMAMUNIC Project conducted in Assis - SP , in which mothers or guardians of children under one year old are interviewed, inquiring about the consumption (current status) of a list of foods, liquids and solids, the day before, including breast milk, other types of milk, water, tea, juice, porridge, salt food, sweetened foods and others. The surveys cover reached between 50 and 88% coverage of the estimated number of live births in those respective years. The variables / indicators of quality infant feeding used were built for this study based on the literature, considering the information available / not available in databases and small differences between the questionnaires 2001-2007 (version 1) and in 2008 and 2011 (version 2). Statistical analysis involved simple linear regression for trend test the adequacy of models residual analysis by Shapiro-Wilk. All breastfeeding indicators showed positive increase, having the temporal trend statistically significance Exclusive Breastfeeding for infants under six months infant, an increase of 1.77 percentage points by survey year and Breastfeeding among children six to 12 months of age old, an increase of 1.02 percentage points by survey year. Breastfeeding Initiation at the first hour of life presented "good" (50 to 89%) percentage according to the WHO, in the two years (2008 and 2011) they were studied. The Opportunity indicator remained stable, reaching around 80% of children in the decade. Half of the children, breastfed and non-breastfed, did not reach the minimum recommended Variety of 5 food groups consumed the day before. Low proportion that reached the Minimum Meal Frequency, especially in the non-breastfed group (7.8% in 2008 and 9.6% in 2011). Industrialized food (artificial juices, soft drinks, biscuits/snacks and sweetened foods) were consumed by children under six months old (8.1% ate industrialized biscuit / snack in 2011) and among children aged six to 12 months old the percentage of consumers was high, reaching, in case of industrialized biscuits/snacks consumption, up to 76% in 2008 and 65.5% in 2011. Taken together, the results indicate a far status of recommendation from the beginning to the end of the period for most indicators, with positive development in breastfeeding indicators and stability in the complementary feed indicators.
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Palavras-chave
Nutrição do lactente, Práticas alimentares, Aleitamento materno, Alimentação complementar, Consumo de alimentos, Indicadores, Infant nutrition, Feeding practices, Breast feeding, Complementary feeding, Food Consumption, Indicators