Pesquisa de tripanosomatídeos em primatas de cativeiro do Parque Zoológico Municipal de Bauru, São Paulo
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Data
2016-07-22
Autores
Guiraldi, Lívia Maísa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A família Trypanosomatidae inclui agentes etiológicos responsáveis por ocasionar doenças em humanos e demais animais, englobando dezenas de protozoários pertencentes a diferentes gêneros, destacando-se os protozoários representantes dos gêneros Leishmania, causadores das leishmanioses e Trypanosoma, causador de tripanosomíase. Enquanto a transmissão das leishmanioses ocorre devido à picada de insetos fêmeas de flebotomíneos pertencentes ao gênero Phlebotomus no Velho Mundo e Lutzomyia no Novo Mundo, a transmissão da tripanossomíase depende da espécie de tripanosoma envolvida na infecção, podendo ocorrer pela picada de insetos adultos do gênero Glossina; pelas fezes de triatomíneos, sobretudo do gênero Triatoma e mecanicamente por moscas hematófagas, principalmente do gênero Stomoxys. Além dos humanos, animais domésticos e silvestres podem atuar como reservatórios de tripanosomatídeos, incluindo os primatas não humanos, os quais estão associados com o ciclo enzoótico das leishmanioses e tripanosomíase, sendo que a infecção natural por protozoários do gênero Trypanosoma e Leishmania em mamíferos selvagens é comum na natureza. O objetivo do trabalho foi pesquisar tripanosomatídeos em primatas de cativeiro procedentes do Parque Zoológico Municipal de Bauru – SP por meio de anticorpos contra o parasito e pela amplificação do DNA do protozoário. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 39 primatas. A técnica molecular de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) foi aplicada na pesquisa de Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis e Leishmania infantum, utilizando-se primers espécie-específicos, direcionados à região do kDNA dos parasitos, sendo todos os animais negativos. Porém, com a utilização de primers para a região ribossomal (ITS-1), específicos para a família Trypanosomatidae, 37 dos 39 (94,9%) animais foram positivos para Trypanosoma spp. Realizou-se também a prova sorológica de Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) para Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum e Leishmania amazonensis, revelando um animal da espécie Erythrocebus patas (macaco-pata) positivo para Leishmania braziliensis com título 160. Os resultados demonstram que os primatas do zoológico estão susceptíveis à infecção por tripanosomatídeos, alertando-se para a necessidade de busca ativa de vetores flebotomíneos e triatomíneos nos recintos e arredores, como medida preventiva para o risco de infecção aos funcionários e visitantes.
The family Trypanosomatidae includes etiological agents responsible for causing diseases in humans and other animals. There are dozens of protozoa belonging to different genres, especially protozoa representatives of Leishmania genre, which causes leishmaniasis and Trypanosoma, responsible for trypanosomiasis. While the transmission of leishmaniasis is due to the bites of female sand flies belonging to the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World, the transmission of trypanosomiasis depends on the species of trypanosome involved in the infection. It may occurs by the bite of adult insects of the genus Glossina or by the feces of insects, especially by the genre Triatoma and mechanically by bloodsucking flies, especially the Stomoxys genre. In addition to humans, domestic and wild animals can act as trypanosomatids reservoirs, including non-human primates, which are associated with the enzootic cycle of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis; the natural infection by Trypanosoma and Leishmania protozoa in wild mammals is common in nature. The aim of the study was to investigate trypanosomatids in captive primates coming from Municipal Zoological Park of Bauru by antibodies against the parasite and the amplification of the DNA of the parasite. For this, blood samples were collected from 39 primates. The molecular technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied in research for Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum using species-specific primers directed to the region of kDNA parasites; all animals were negative by this technique. However, with the use of primers for the ribosomal region (ITS-1) specific to Trypanosomatidae family, 37 of 39 (94.9%) animals were positive for Trypanosoma spp. It was also conducted serological evidence by the Immunofluorescente Antibody Test (IFAT) for Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum e Leishmania amazonensis, revealing one (01) animal Erythrocebus patas (patas monkey) positive for Leishmania braziliensis, with titer 160. The results show that primates from Municipal Zoological Park of Bauru are susceptible to infection by trypanosomatids, alerting the need for active search for sandfly vectors and triatomines in the grounds and surrounding areas, as a preventive measure for the risk of infection for staff and visitors.
The family Trypanosomatidae includes etiological agents responsible for causing diseases in humans and other animals. There are dozens of protozoa belonging to different genres, especially protozoa representatives of Leishmania genre, which causes leishmaniasis and Trypanosoma, responsible for trypanosomiasis. While the transmission of leishmaniasis is due to the bites of female sand flies belonging to the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World, the transmission of trypanosomiasis depends on the species of trypanosome involved in the infection. It may occurs by the bite of adult insects of the genus Glossina or by the feces of insects, especially by the genre Triatoma and mechanically by bloodsucking flies, especially the Stomoxys genre. In addition to humans, domestic and wild animals can act as trypanosomatids reservoirs, including non-human primates, which are associated with the enzootic cycle of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis; the natural infection by Trypanosoma and Leishmania protozoa in wild mammals is common in nature. The aim of the study was to investigate trypanosomatids in captive primates coming from Municipal Zoological Park of Bauru by antibodies against the parasite and the amplification of the DNA of the parasite. For this, blood samples were collected from 39 primates. The molecular technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied in research for Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum using species-specific primers directed to the region of kDNA parasites; all animals were negative by this technique. However, with the use of primers for the ribosomal region (ITS-1) specific to Trypanosomatidae family, 37 of 39 (94.9%) animals were positive for Trypanosoma spp. It was also conducted serological evidence by the Immunofluorescente Antibody Test (IFAT) for Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum e Leishmania amazonensis, revealing one (01) animal Erythrocebus patas (patas monkey) positive for Leishmania braziliensis, with titer 160. The results show that primates from Municipal Zoological Park of Bauru are susceptible to infection by trypanosomatids, alerting the need for active search for sandfly vectors and triatomines in the grounds and surrounding areas, as a preventive measure for the risk of infection for staff and visitors.
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Palavras-chave
Leishmanioses, Tripanosomíases, Macacos, Diagnóstico, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis, Monkey, Diagnosis