Agricultura e organização espacial dos distritos municipais: estudo de caso em Jamaica e Jaciporã/Dracena (SP)
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Data
2016-02-12
Autores
Antunes, Maryna Vieira Martins [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo geral desta dissertação é realizar o levantamento, a compreensão e a reflexão das características econômicas, sociais e culturais engendradas na organização espacial dos distritos municipais de Jamaica e Jaciporã/Dracena/São Paulo, decorrentes das mudanças verificadas no setor agropecuário regional. Nossa problemática foi construída a partir da hipótese inicial de que a substituição da cafeicultura – central no processo de ocupação e formação dos núcleos estudados – por outros tipos de exploração agropecuária – especialmente a cana-de-açúcar – implicou em diferentes alterações nas funções exercidas e no cotidiano dos distritos. Em termos de metodologia, foi realizado um estudo de caso nos distritos de Jamaica e Jaciporã, cujas etapas incluíram revisão bibliográfica, sistematização de dados de fonte secundária e pesquisa de campo com a aplicação de questionário socioeconômico e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os moradores, buscando a produção de dados e informações de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. Os resultados obtidos nos permitiram verificar que as mudanças, sobretudo no que diz respeito à estrutura fundiária e às relações de trabalho, fizeram com que a agropecuária influenciasse menos na organização espacial dos distritos, que se tornaram espaços, majoritariamente, destinados ao uso residencial para a população empregada no setor de serviços na cidade de Dracena. Constatamos também que houve diminuição da população vivendo nos distritos e, principalmente, no entorno – áreas do rural disperso, em consequência da decadência do café. Com isso Jamaica e Jaciporã passam a se caracterizar pela baixa densidade populacional; econômica; e de redes técnicas, pois perdem as funções relacionadas à organização do espaço agrícola do complexo cafeeiro. Ocorre um processo de “envelhecimento das formas” associadas ao café e alguns processos de refuncionalização podem ser notados no sentido, principalmente, de qualificar o uso residencial e de prestação de serviços públicos. Nos distritos nota-se que a ruralidade ultrapassa o (setor) agrícola e é marcada pela convivência, proximidade e laços de parentesco entre os moradores e pelas estratégias “solidárias” desenvolvidas pela população a fim de alcançar amenidades no cotidiano, solução de conflitos e melhorias nos distritos, por meio das articulações e reivindicações políticas perante a administração municipal.
The overall objective of this work is to survey, understanding and reflection of the economic, social and cultural characteristics engendered in the spatial organization of the municipal districts of Jamaica and Jaciporã / Dracena / São Paulo, resulting from changes in the regional agricultural sector. Our problem was built from the initial hypothesis that the substitution of coffee - central to the process of occupation and formation of the studied cores - for other types of agricultural exploitation - especially the sugarcane - resulted in various changes in his roles and the daily life of districts. In terms of methodology, we conducted a case study in the districts of Jamaica and Jaciporã. The steps were literature review, systematization of secondary data and field research with the application of socioeconomic questionnaire and carrying out semi-structured interviews with residents seeking production data and information qualitative and quantitative. The results allowed us to verify that the changes, especially with regard to land ownership and labor relations, ended up making the agricultural influenced less in the spatial organization of districts, which have become spaces, mostly intended for residential use for the population employed in the service sector in the city of Dracena. We also note that there was a decrease of the population living in the districts and especially in the vicinity - the dispersed rural areas, due to the decline of coffee. With that Jamaica and Jaciporã come to be characterized by low population density; economic; and technical networks, as they lose the functions related to the organization of the agricultural area of the coffee complex. Is a process of "aging forms" associated with coffee and some refunctionalization processes can be noticed in the direction primarily to qualify residential use and public services. In the districts the ruralities is more than agriculture, is characterized by the coexistence, proximity and kinship ties between the residents and the strategies "solidarity" developed by the population in order to achieve amenities in everyday life, conflict resolution and improvements in the districts, because there union to political demands for municipal administration.
The overall objective of this work is to survey, understanding and reflection of the economic, social and cultural characteristics engendered in the spatial organization of the municipal districts of Jamaica and Jaciporã / Dracena / São Paulo, resulting from changes in the regional agricultural sector. Our problem was built from the initial hypothesis that the substitution of coffee - central to the process of occupation and formation of the studied cores - for other types of agricultural exploitation - especially the sugarcane - resulted in various changes in his roles and the daily life of districts. In terms of methodology, we conducted a case study in the districts of Jamaica and Jaciporã. The steps were literature review, systematization of secondary data and field research with the application of socioeconomic questionnaire and carrying out semi-structured interviews with residents seeking production data and information qualitative and quantitative. The results allowed us to verify that the changes, especially with regard to land ownership and labor relations, ended up making the agricultural influenced less in the spatial organization of districts, which have become spaces, mostly intended for residential use for the population employed in the service sector in the city of Dracena. We also note that there was a decrease of the population living in the districts and especially in the vicinity - the dispersed rural areas, due to the decline of coffee. With that Jamaica and Jaciporã come to be characterized by low population density; economic; and technical networks, as they lose the functions related to the organization of the agricultural area of the coffee complex. Is a process of "aging forms" associated with coffee and some refunctionalization processes can be noticed in the direction primarily to qualify residential use and public services. In the districts the ruralities is more than agriculture, is characterized by the coexistence, proximity and kinship ties between the residents and the strategies "solidarity" developed by the population in order to achieve amenities in everyday life, conflict resolution and improvements in the districts, because there union to political demands for municipal administration.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Organização espacial, Distritos municipais, Agropecuária, Ruralidades, Jamaica e /Dracena-SP, Jaciporã/Dracena/SP, Municipal districts, Spatial organization, Agriculture, Ruralities