Fatores que influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade do leite
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Data
2016-07-14
Autores
Delfino, João Lucas Cânovas [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, a produção de leite tem importância social, bem como econômica, pois está presente em número significativo de propriedades com mão-de-obra familiar. Entretanto, baixas produtividade e qualidade ainda são características do leite brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar fatores que influenciam a produtividade, a contagem bacteriana total (CBT), a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) do leite e verificar se o produto está adequado às normas da legislação brasileira. A pesquisa se baseou em entrevista estruturada e coleta de leite das propriedades participantes (n=45), pertencentes à microrregião de Birigui-SP, para análise. Foram realizadas regressão multivariada, análise de variância multivariada, com pós-teste de Tukey, e determinou-se coeficiente de correlação entre variáveis. A produtividade média observada foi de 6.274,9±4.981,4 L/ha/ano. Observou-se que a produtividade foi influenciada positivamente pela base da alimentação volumosa e produção de leite por dia de intervalo entre partos. Não houve diferença significativa entre a produtividade das propriedades que utilizavam pastejo rotativo e fornecimento de volumoso no cocho, mas estas foram superiores àquelas que utilizavam pastejo contínuo ou pastejo alternado. O fato de se possuir tanque refrigerador individual favoreceu a menor CBT. Observou- se mais alta CCS no leite de produtores que realizavam o “California Mastitis Test” (CMT) com maior frequência. O leite de apenas quatro produtores (8,9%) apresentou-se adequado para todos os parâmetros analisados.
In Brazil, dairy production has social, as well as economic, importance, because it is present in significant number of farms with family labor. However, low productivity and low quality still are features of the Brazilian product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of factors on milk productivity, total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) and verify if the product is suited to the requirements of Brazilian law. The research was based on data from structured interview and analyses of milk samples collected from each farm (n=45), which belongs to Birigui-SP microregion. Multivariate regression and multivariate analysis of variance, with Tukey’s post-test, was performed and correlation coefficient was determined. The observed average productivity was 6,274.9±4,981.4 L/ha/year. Roughage feeding base and milk production per day of calving interval influenced positively the productivity. There was no difference in productivity between farms that used short-duration grazing system and roughage feeding in the trough, both had higher productivity than farms that used continuous grazing system and alternated grazing system. Milk of producers that had individual cooler tank had a lower TBC. It was observed that milk of producers that performed California Mastitis Test (CMT) frequently had a higher SCC. Milk from four farms (8.9%) was suitable for all analyzed parameters.
In Brazil, dairy production has social, as well as economic, importance, because it is present in significant number of farms with family labor. However, low productivity and low quality still are features of the Brazilian product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of factors on milk productivity, total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) and verify if the product is suited to the requirements of Brazilian law. The research was based on data from structured interview and analyses of milk samples collected from each farm (n=45), which belongs to Birigui-SP microregion. Multivariate regression and multivariate analysis of variance, with Tukey’s post-test, was performed and correlation coefficient was determined. The observed average productivity was 6,274.9±4,981.4 L/ha/year. Roughage feeding base and milk production per day of calving interval influenced positively the productivity. There was no difference in productivity between farms that used short-duration grazing system and roughage feeding in the trough, both had higher productivity than farms that used continuous grazing system and alternated grazing system. Milk of producers that had individual cooler tank had a lower TBC. It was observed that milk of producers that performed California Mastitis Test (CMT) frequently had a higher SCC. Milk from four farms (8.9%) was suitable for all analyzed parameters.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gado leiteiro, Pastejo, Agricultura familiar, Análise multivariada, Análise de leite, Dairy cattle, Grazing, Familiar agriculture, Multivariate analysis, Milk analysis